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Golden Age: John Dickson Carr
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Carter Dickson, Carr Dickson, Roger Fairbairn. These are pen names of prolific Golden Age author John Dickson Carr, who earned his fame for writing puzzle mysteries. In today's episode, Brook and Sarah discuss this author who is often considered to be the best in locked room mysteries.
Discussed and mentioned
It Walks By Night (1930) John Dickson Carr
The Hungry Goblin: A Victorian Detective Novel (1972) John Dickson Carr - features Wilkie Collins as the sleuth
The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes (1954) John Dickson Carr with Adrian Conan Doyle
The Life of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1949) John Dickson Carr
The Murder of Sir Edmund Godfrey (1936) John Dickson Carr
The Hollow Man (1935) John Dickson Carr
The Black Spectacles (1939) John Dickson Carr
Collection of John Dickson Carr radio mysteries (for purchase)
Suspense - radio plays by John Dickson Carr
The White Priory Murders (1934) John Dickson Carr (published as Carter Dickson)
The Golden Age of Murder (2015) Martin Edwards
The Life of Crime (2022) Martin Edwards
Colonel March of Scotland Yard (1956) Series featuring Boris Karloff
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For a full episode transcript, visit https://cluedinmystery.com/golden-age-john-dickson-carr/
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Transcript
Introduction and Love for Mystery
00:00:10
Speaker
Welcome to Clued in Mystery. I'm Sarah. And I'm Brooke, and we both love mystery. Hi, Brooke. Hi, Sarah.
Introduction to John Dixon Carr
00:00:21
Speaker
So today we're going to talk about another of the Golden Age mystery authors, John Dixon Carr.
00:00:29
Speaker
I'm very excited to explore some of his work with you. If you've heard his name, John Dixon Carr, you've probably heard the phrase locked room mystery. Born in Pennsylvania in 1906, this American writer is notable for his contributions to the locked room subgenre of mystery fiction.
00:00:47
Speaker
His first book, It Walks by Night, was published in 1930, and nearly all of the 70 books that followed used a locked room set up. In addition to his novels, Carr wrote a biography of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and an analysis of the theories surrounding the mysterious death in the 17th century of Sir Edmund Barry Godfrey.
00:01:08
Speaker
Carr has
Carr's Life and Locked Room Mysteries
00:01:09
Speaker
several short stories to his name, including a handful that feature Sherlock Holmes, which he co-wrote with Doyle's son, and published as a collection in 1954.
00:01:19
Speaker
Carr also dabbled in historical mystery, including one in which Wilkie Collins is the sleuth, and authored several radio plays that aired on BBC and CBS. His works also appeared under different pen names, including Carter Dixon and Roger Fairbairn.
00:01:35
Speaker
John Dixon Carr met the woman who would become his wife in the barbershop of a vessel on the transatlantic journey after visiting the UK. They were married shortly afterwards and lived briefly in New York before returning to England to live closer to her family when she became pregnant.
00:01:50
Speaker
He spent his most prolific years in London, but died in South Carolina in 1977.
00:01:57
Speaker
Carr was a member of the Detection Club, the first American to be invited, and one of the only members from outside the UK. He was recognized by the Mystery Writers of America as a Grandmaster in 1963.
00:02:10
Speaker
And before we get too much further, Brooke, I wonder if maybe we should define a locked room mystery. Yes, I think that's a great idea, Sarah. So a locked room mystery, the body is found in a room frequently that is locked from the inside, and there's no way for the murderer to have entered or exited without being seen.
00:02:30
Speaker
And in Carr's 1935 book, The Hollow Man, there is a chapter titled The Locked Room Lecture, in which the sleuth articulates the various explanations for locked room mysteries.
00:02:42
Speaker
And I imagine that if we mapped... That explanation against all of the books that John Dixon Carr wrote, we would be able to see some correlation there. And it would be interesting to to analyze which of those methods he drew on the most.
00:03:00
Speaker
Yes, absolutely. I found it was so interesting to find out that he, they call it the locked room lecture in that book. He spells that out. there's ah He comes up with four scenarios, which we can get into, but he also explains how a room can appear to be locked, but actually, you know,
00:03:22
Speaker
be accessible to the criminal. So um it interested me in that, in a sense, he was a magician giving away his tricks of the trade in that lecture, wasn't he?
00:03:36
Speaker
So what's interesting is that that particular chapter, it begins with the sleuth making this announcement that I'm going to give you a lecture on a locked rooms. Yeah.
00:03:47
Speaker
And he actually says it a couple of times. um I will now lecture on the general mechanics and development of that situation, which is known in detective fiction as the hermetically sealed chamber.
00:03:59
Speaker
ah And then he he goes on to say, we're in a detective story and we don't fool the reader by pretending we're not. So he's kind of playing with the reader here um to set up this this lecture that he's about to give.
00:04:13
Speaker
And yeah, he offers several different theories about how um you can explain at what appears to be a locked room. Some of them being that, you know,
00:04:26
Speaker
It actually wasn't murder, but a series of coincidences that that lead to an accidental death or a suicide that was made to look like a murder. um And then, yeah, there are several, several others.
00:04:41
Speaker
Right. So
Carr's Influences and Writing Techniques
00:04:42
Speaker
there's this ah meta thing that he has done. i think there's ah several books. I've actually saw some articles about that some readers don't like that, to have the fourth wall broken or you know, this ah They want to keep the detective feeling like we're in ah fiction.
00:05:03
Speaker
but um But I think it's really interesting. And I imagine that they were having a lot of these kind of discussions at the detection club meetings. And um we see that. We've talked about that, that some of these people who we know were rubbing elbows with their ah fellow Golden Age authors were then incorporate some of that material in their books.
00:05:26
Speaker
And in fact, even ah John Dixon Carr's most famous sleuth, Dr. Gideon Fell, is heavily based on G.K. Chesterton. Mm That's right. And I think Chesterton was one of Carr's ah significant influences.
00:05:44
Speaker
And I couldn't find if they ever had actually met. Chesterton died before Carr became a member of the detection club. um So, you know, he couldn't have him there at at his induction ceremony, which probably would have been just a wonderful moment for him.
00:06:00
Speaker
ah But I don't know if they had any other opportunity to meet. I found some of the covers of his books interesting because it could have been an actual drawing of G.K. Chesterton, ah but it's actually Dr. Gideon Fell, who is the sleuth.
00:06:19
Speaker
I was really surprised, Sarah. I did not know that John Dixon Carr was an American hyphalur. I had him in my head as a British author. And I think in some ways they adopted him as a a British author. He obviously, as the first American to ever be inducted into the Detection Club, I think he was really accepted in the group.
00:06:41
Speaker
and And most of his stories are set in um you know in Great Britain. And so that was always my assumption was that he was British. Mm-hmm.
00:06:52
Speaker
Yeah, and and he you know worked for the BBC or he certainly wrote radio plays for the BBC. I was listening to one set of ah radio plays that he had written.
00:07:06
Speaker
ah No, sorry. I'm not sure that he actually wrote the stories, but the opening credits, they say they're being introduced by him. So you can hear his voice and you can hear a little bit of an English accent, I think because he'd been living there.
00:07:21
Speaker
for, um for so long, but the audio quality isn't great. And so I listened to a couple of them and I wasn't certain actually, if it was the same speaker in both of those introductions. So um i'm I'm going to say that it was, but I, I, I can't say for certain.
00:07:39
Speaker
Mm hmm.
00:07:42
Speaker
Another connection that he had ah was to Edward Powis Mathers, and he actually dedicated the 1939 book The Black Spectacles to him. And this is ah the fellow whose alter ego was Torquemada, and he wrote crossword puzzles and reviewed detective fiction. But lately, he has been brought back into the public eye because he is the author of Kane's Jawbone.
00:08:11
Speaker
um And so I really loved that John Dixon Carr dedicated one of his books to him. And he also um wrote an introduction to one of Torquemada's puzzle books.
00:08:25
Speaker
So these two puzzle creators were definitely acquainted, and I thought it was a neat connection. um and interesting because Torquemada wasn't necessarily a storyteller. he was puzzle.
00:08:41
Speaker
puzzle writer and ah clearly John Dixon Carr appreciated that because you know in the end he was puzzle maker wasn't he Absolutely he was. And some of his books were sold as what was called sealed mysteries.
00:09:00
Speaker
i hadn't heard about this before, but the final section of the book when it's sold is secured from the rest of the book. And if a reader makes it through the book without breaking that seal, they could return it to the bookstore and get a refund.
00:09:19
Speaker
Wow. Yeah. Yeah. and That's incredible. i
Carr's Sleuths and Writing Strategies
00:09:23
Speaker
And I think it um goes along so nicely with what we're what we're seeing in this day and age with these um sort of interactive but mystery novels and, you know, turning things, gamification, I guess you could call it. And so that's really fascinating.
00:09:45
Speaker
So you mentioned um Dr. Fell as his main sleuth, and he was the lecturer in the in the locked room lecture. um Another sleuth was Sir Henry Merivale, who often referred to as H.M.
00:10:02
Speaker
I read one of the books that features Henry Merivale called The White Priory Murders, and in there, he ah H.M., the sleuth, he gives a little mini locked room lecture and explains the different mechanics behind a locked room. So um that's another thing that would be really interesting if we were to read all of Carr's works is how many times he offers different explanations for how this seemingly locked room mystery occurred.
00:10:38
Speaker
hu Definitely. Well, and I think it's such a wealth of knowledge for future writers who are interested in carrying on this um tradition.
00:10:51
Speaker
I thought a lot this week as we were preparing about Tom Mead, and we had Tom on, and he is a contemporary author who's writing mostly locked room mysteries.
00:11:03
Speaker
He has a sleuth, Joseph Spector, is... his specialist in solving lockdown mysteries. And um in our interview with Tom, he noted that ah Carr was someone who didn't repeat or recycle his ah tricks. And he does call them his tricks um very often. And that that was different from many of the other golden age authors. And he really felt like Carr was one of the most imaginative authors when it came to creating these stories.
00:11:34
Speaker
Yeah. Yeah. And i I found a couple of references to not necessarily how Carr wrote, but his approach to planting some of those clues for readers.
00:11:48
Speaker
um And so in the golden age of murder, Martin Edwards writes that John Dixon Carr's favorite technique was to plant a clue and then follow it immediately with something graphic.
00:12:00
Speaker
And he John Dixon Carr referred to this as blood on a white bandage. Edwards continues that Sayers agreed with this approach and saying that, you know readers pictured a vivid image and they forgot the clue.
00:12:15
Speaker
Oh, fascinating. And I get the sense that there was quite a strong connection between Carr and Sayers. I think they really respected each other's work.
00:12:27
Speaker
hmm. um And then in Martin Edwards' book, The Life of Crime, he shares Carr's advice to write a lie as though it were true.
00:12:38
Speaker
The most important clue should sound like the wildest nonsense. In placing a cryptic clue, be sure that your reader never sees it at eye level. This can be done by using love scenes or comic scenes.
00:12:53
Speaker
Oh, that is
Carr's Media Adaptations and Pseudonyms
00:12:54
Speaker
such great advice. And again, I'm going to draw back to the idea of a magician ah drawing your attention away from what's actually important, you know, the stage magician I'm meaning.
00:13:08
Speaker
ah and So yeah, excellent advice and a way to do that in prose. And I like that idea of mixing that clue with romance or comedy, you know, two elements that um can distract the reader's attention.
00:13:30
Speaker
And many times when we're in one of those sections in a book, we just assume that we're in subplot, don't we? We're like, okay, and this is the break from the mystery and we're going to you know hear about what's going on in their personal lives.
00:13:43
Speaker
ah What a clever way to to hide a clue. So I don't think that there was ever any novels featuring his sleuth, Colonel March, but he did appear in several of Carr's short stories.
00:13:58
Speaker
And there was a ah I think it was 26 episode um of a television series featuring Colonel March, and it was called Colonel March of Scotland Yard.
00:14:11
Speaker
It aired in the early 1950s with Boris Karloff playing the detective. Uh, and you can see episodes of this are available on YouTube. I think they also are streaming, um on some of the streaming services. I think if you searched, you could find them and they're short. They're, they're less than 30 minutes long.
00:14:34
Speaker
That's interesting. I didn't think of catching the radio plays or looking into TV. So that's something that I'm going to have to follow up on Sarah. I really enjoyed listening to the radio plays and you can buy, it was $5, about 750 Canadian to pay for um a download of, I think it was maybe 40 radio plays um that are about each episodes, maybe 45 or 50 minutes long.
00:15:08
Speaker
And um I've been listening to them and really, really enjoying them. That's great. I did. i read this week, The Black Spectacles, which is a Gideon Fell novel, but then I definitely wanted to sample and get a feel for ah one of the Maryville novels. And I out as well listened to some of the white Priory murders. so um And you definitely can see ah a difference in the two pen names.
00:15:38
Speaker
Mary Vell is more upbeat, lighthearted, comedic, ah really fun, actually. I really enjoyed it. And then Fel is more, um you know, darker, grimmer, kind of some creepy atmosphere.
00:15:55
Speaker
So I think that that was, at first when I realized that the pen names were so similar, i was like, wondering what the point was, but I, I think it was a smart business decision to have these two separate brands.
00:16:08
Speaker
He was also a very quick and, and prolific author. And, um, especially in those days, the traditional publishers weren't real keen on having more than one book out a year. So I think that gave him a way to have more than one release per year.
00:16:27
Speaker
No, I think that's exactly right. Carter Dixon is the author of the books featuring Henry Merivale, and John Dixon Carr is noted as the author for the Gideon Fell ah mysteries.
00:16:41
Speaker
He also had a
Relationship with Doyle Family and Ending
00:16:42
Speaker
detective um from the French police service, Henri Ben-Colin, ah There are only five books featuring him, and I didn't have a chance to read any of them. So i you know, I can't speak to him. But um I did read that he was more like Sherlock Holmes in terms of his approach to solving the crimes.
00:17:08
Speaker
Brooke, I couldn't find anything that spoke to how the connection between Carr and the Doyle family began. um But it might have been that in 1945, Carr wrote two radio adaptations of Conan Doyle stories.
00:17:29
Speaker
And that might have led him to um getting to know the family and and having access to some of Doyle's stories. papers so that he could write that biography and then go on to write um some additional short stories with Doyle's son.
00:17:46
Speaker
Yeah. Wow. What an honor to be, you know, tagged as that author. And then I assume that that probably helps. We've talked before about the huge Sherlockian community, and that probably helps, you know, create new readers for John Dixon Carr because,
00:18:04
Speaker
People who are big Sherlock fans are going to then learn about Carr and hopefully keep his work alive as well. That's right. And we know that Doyle wrote Locked Room Mysteries as well, right? Mm-hmm.
00:18:19
Speaker
Brooke, it has been lots of fun to dig a little bit deeper into the life and works of John Dixon Carr. And, you know, I'm sure his name is going to come up again as we talk about different kinds of mysteries and certainly locked room mysteries.
00:18:36
Speaker
Definitely. I learned a lot this week and I hope that you did too, listeners. But for today, thank you for joining us on Clued in Mystery. I'm Brooke. And I'm Sarah.
00:18:47
Speaker
And we both love mystery. Clued in Mystery is written and produced by Brooke Peterson and Sarah M. Stephen. Music is by Shane Ivers. If you liked what you heard, please consider telling a friend, leaving a ri review, or subscribing with your favorite podcast listening app.
00:19:02
Speaker
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