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7. Earth Observation and Climate
18 Plays17 days ago
Harv and Neesh welcome Space4Climate's Krupa Nanda Kumar on board the station to discuss Earth observation, satellite imagery and climate science.
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Transcript
Introduction to Echo 9 Space Station & Hosts' Arrival
00:00:03
Speaker
Welcome to Echo 9 Space Station, the extraterrestrial communications habitat and orbiter. Broadcasting conversations about the cosmos, direct from low Earth orbit.
00:00:18
Speaker
Not really. Welcome back, everybody, to the Echo 9 podcast. Here we are once again, me and Nish. How are you doing, Nish? Hello, Harv. I am good. I'm Really enjoying the the time up here in Leo. And I'm kind of sad we're going to be coming to the end soon.
00:00:36
Speaker
Oh, don't say that. You never know. We might get an extension. They might keep us up here. someone like Someone might fund us. yeah Yeah, that's true. That's true. I can think of a few people who might want to keep us up in space for a bit longer, to be honest.
Contemplating Earth & Climate Change from Space
00:00:50
Speaker
um But, you know, I've been thinking, contemplating recently, looking down at that beautiful ah Earth down there, you know, thinking about Earth observation, looking at...
00:01:02
Speaker
climate change, you know? and I love it. yeah Tracking things from space. And um I thought it'd be good today if we had a bit of a chat about that. Yeah, that sounds great. What have you got in mind, Harv?
Guest Krupa Joins to Discuss Earth Observation
00:01:15
Speaker
Well, I thought I could tell you everything I know, which is not very much. um Or we could invite somebody up to the space station to tell all about it. We've got a guest.
00:01:25
Speaker
Oh, I love it. I love We've got a guest. Airlock noise goes here.
00:01:33
Speaker
Welcome aboard, Krupa. Hello. both. How are you? yeah very good, thanks. How are you I'm great. Thank you so much for having me on board. Yeah, no problem. Was your flight okay?
00:01:45
Speaker
It was great. it was It was smooth, not too much turbulence or friction as we crossed the atmosphere. but yeah But yeah, as good as it gets. And I brought you guys something from us. What have you brought us?
00:01:58
Speaker
Yeah, well, very simple, but I thought you'd appreciate it. Some fresh sourdough bread. Oh, yes. How did you know? my gosh.
00:02:09
Speaker
I'm such a bready. I love bread. It's so bad. gosh. Yeah, I thought you guys might not have some fresh bread um up there. So yeah. Yes. Thank you very much and welcome on board.
00:02:20
Speaker
Thank you so much. Gosh, Mother Earth looks beautiful from here. Doesn't it? Doesn't it? Yeah. Yeah. I thought maybe we should start off. Maybe you could tell us a little bit about who you are and um um why you're here.
00:02:33
Speaker
Yeah, absolutely. um So I've, well, I'm an earthling to begin with, and um and I work in the ah space sector. We're currently working with a nonprofit, non-commercial program called Space for Climate.
00:02:49
Speaker
ah But really, I've been um across, working across various organizations in the space sector for over 10 years, ah with an engineering degree myself um growing up, sort of when I did my undergrad.
00:03:02
Speaker
But then I realized that unfortunately, I'm not sort of a hands-on engineer, traditionally speaking. um And I'm probably just better off being able to communicate the benefits of engineering solutions and services um within the the space sector.
00:03:20
Speaker
So um i got my I got my master's degree in management to compliment that. And I've been working since then to, in a way, sell space services to non-space sectors.
Space for Climate & Satellite Data Applications
00:03:34
Speaker
ah But currently I do it with um with with an intention of creating some impact um on on Earth within sort of business as usual applications with end user sectors.
00:03:46
Speaker
Okay. Okay. So, okay. You're a communications person then. ah Yes. so Nice. yeah Okay. I can resonate with that. That's my shtick. I can resonate with the were the engineer turned communicator. Okay. And so when you say you work with end users or you you try to apply um or get get more people to use space and space data, is that right?
00:04:13
Speaker
That's right. What are you trying to get them to use it for? Well, ah gosh, where do I start? So we have we have petabytes of satellite data coming from space um across various different sensors.
00:04:27
Speaker
And to simply put, it's just data at the end of the day. You just remove the satellites from the equation. It's very useful data. um that can be used like any other forms of GIS or geospatial data or any other kind of IoT sensor information that you would do.
00:04:43
Speaker
So this just provides you a very unique layer of intelligence. So we're looking to be able to help non-space end users, be it the farmers, to the bankers, to the utility providers, or those who are managing our transportation lines, who are trying to understand resilience to the infrastructure, this overlay of information,
00:05:04
Speaker
which is unique because it's global and it's frequently monitoring a point that you might be interested in. And it's able to bring you a whole load of insight in a very short time than any other ah instrument or any other form of data can.
00:05:21
Speaker
ah So with farmers, we can help them understand soil moisture, vegetation health. um And with bankers, we can try to understand ah risk impacts to assets that they are investing in. um And with ah with with utilities, we can understand ah impact and encroachment of sort of assets like um water but water pipes, power lines, power grids, and and and so on. I mean, that's just just touches very quick, but there's just loads more.
00:05:51
Speaker
Yeah, I was just going to say the applications are like endless, yeah really, aren't they? I mean, I remember when I was learning about how businesses use space data, I understood how like farmers might be able to understand their land a bit better or land owners.
00:06:11
Speaker
And But I didn't really understand how bankers could do it. And then i think I was working with with somebody and they explained that people would look at the amount of cars in car parks at businesses in order to predict financial results before they're actually officially announced. Yeah, like forecasting. Yeah, yeah exactly. by By seeing how many yeah cost physical customers are actually going to the stores and stuff.
00:06:37
Speaker
say crazy So sort breadth of applications. Absolutely. Sorry, Nish, you had a question. go on.
The Mission and Vision of Space for Climate
00:06:44
Speaker
ah No, i so you you do this as part of your formal role at Space for Climate, right?
00:06:49
Speaker
That's right. yeah so So can you tell us a bit more about what Space for Climate is and and how you... entered up that kind of role specifically? Yeah, absolutely. So I was working with a commercial earth observation organization um previously, who are a ah member of Space for Climate. And that's really how I got introduced to the program and found an interest in leading it myself.
00:07:12
Speaker
um and And really what we are is we're a non-commercial organization that's chaired by the UK Space Agency, where we convene the UK satellite Earth observation for climate community.
00:07:23
Speaker
And that's really supporting a growing community 83 UK entities working across how we traditionally call it sort of the upstream, midstream and downstream sectors. So those who are launching these satellites and sensors into space to those who are processing and gathering this information and down to those who are exploiting um the data for meaningful applications as either as products or platforms or simple analysis.
00:07:51
Speaker
And this is across academia, public and private sectors. So when by by convening this organization, we we profile UK's leading position in this area and capabilities globally.
00:08:06
Speaker
But most importantly, we try to bridge the gap between the community that we represent, sort of the supply side, you could say, and then the demand side, which is the end user communities.
00:08:16
Speaker
No, i think that's that's so important, actually, I find in our in our sector in the UK, across all of the different kind of segments of space, community is really and the centre of it and and sounds like a really exciting kind of organisation to be part of. So you're now leading that. And so what are your kind of key, key next steps or key kind of vision for the space for climate going forward?
00:08:40
Speaker
um My grand vision for Space for Climate, if I had all the money in the world, yeah would be to to to make Space for Climate a global endeavor. Because right now this is just UK focused and we need to have a space for climate, I think, in every country.
00:08:57
Speaker
because climate ah action needs cooperation and coordination. And there's a lot of information gaps and lack of of knowledge exchange between various different professional bodies.
00:09:09
Speaker
um So my grand vision really is to have a global space for climate where we can bring together relevant private and public sectors, all of the space agencies, and end user companies all working together, uniting to strengthen how we address and provide the necessary data and solutions for the climate action community.
00:09:30
Speaker
But in the interim term, we will work to support the UK towards that at least. yeah So we're working towards understanding what next. as you As you may, I don't know if you guys receive news up here, but the UK has got a new government. So ah we're trying to understand what that means and, you know, ah sort of understanding priorities.
00:09:50
Speaker
So we're sort of just sort of slowing down a bit till we gather ah what we need to know um to progress the program further. Yeah, no, that sounds really exciting. Actually, I was just going to say, um trying to connect climate monitoring and space is sometimes not not obvious. and And people kind of, I mean, I don't feel they understand how important space is to their everyday lives.
The Role of Satellites in Climate Monitoring
00:10:15
Speaker
And climate change is something that people I think might find more relatable than, you know, your GPS or, you know, even even making calls or whatever that that kind of side of things. I think the climate side people can actually see and, you know, maybe because it's optical based or there's other kind of data sets, right? But It just feels like there's something more relatable about climate monitoring than some of the other applications space. You think so. And and i since i i you know I do workshops and I meet a lot of end user communities, it still baffles me to this state how unaware people are of the impacts that satellite have in our everyday environment.
00:10:51
Speaker
um Yeah, yeah.
00:10:54
Speaker
in ah really the global understanding of our climate and the the fun fact that um i use to really sort of break the ice but people is you know i mention about how the un's got the global climate observing system it's it's called a gco And um the GCOS identifies 55 essential climate variables.
00:11:17
Speaker
They're basically measuring points of the changing planets, are sort of like those key metrics, really. And out of these 55 variables, more than half, so we're talking about like close to about 38 over here, I think. and just You need to fact check me on ba that, just around about 38, can only be observed by Earth observation satellites.
00:11:36
Speaker
So, yes, there is an and undeniable um um you know evidence of of how satellites are key to to to monitoring, to understanding um our changing planet, but also supporting with but with climate action efforts, because you can't you know you can't act on something that you can't measure.
00:11:57
Speaker
Yeah. So we'd we'd be blind to some of those variables if we didn't have the satellite data. Absolutely. Yeah. So you mentioned that um Space for Climate is a UK initiative.
00:12:11
Speaker
Does that mean that at the moment, the applications of um satellite data for for climate-based impacts are only in the UK? Or is it working with UK companies for climate impacts found all around the world?
00:12:27
Speaker
That's right. Yeah. Working with UK companies, supporting UK companies for climate applications globally. Okay. Do you have any like examples of specific applications and um ways in which UK companies are are using that data? Yeah.
00:12:43
Speaker
So we we know of several UK companies, large and small, um working to build their own um you know unique products in this area, exploiting data, not just from one satellite, but from several satellites.
00:12:57
Speaker
ah We have some large organizations that actually have some ah fantastic global programs um monitoring forests around the world and supporting large corporates with understanding supply chain deforestation.
00:13:12
Speaker
So we have an organization that's supporting a large um ah FMCG ah that produces your favorite your favorite chocolates and your cereal bars and all of that um to really understand if the commodities of that FMCG are ah having a negative impact on um the forest, sort of I think especially namely the Amazon market.
00:13:33
Speaker
And um they routinely use satellite monitoring to understand and intervene. So if they notice that there has been some illegal logging or there's been some illegal deforestation not complied by one of the supply chain vendors, they immediately um gather this data, geolocate and intervene with um their local vendor and sort of like make sure that's reversed as well. like So those are some of the ones that we're actually seeing quite a bit really, especially with the supply chain and FMCG market, everyone trying to want to to keep there to keep all their vendors green and compliant. We're also seeing that with um a lot of carbon projects,
00:14:14
Speaker
um with with monitoring of the efficacy and the impact of carbon projects, right from it could be ah plant planting of trees or management of mangroves or paddy fields and so on.
00:14:27
Speaker
um That's all being done by ah by the consistent monitoring of global satellites.
Technologies in Satellite Observation
00:14:33
Speaker
But then down to understanding the actual physical risks to assets, right? So you've got assets around the world. It could be oil and gas. It could be natural infrastructure critical to civilians day to day operations.
00:14:47
Speaker
And it's really trying to understand the integrity of those assets because we are living in an increasingly vulnerable world um with a lot of national calamities happening, a lot of changes.
00:14:58
Speaker
So being able to monitor the movements, the subsidence, um and sort of vulnerabilities to physical assets is really important, not just for governments ah who do use satellites to monitor this, but also for bankers, financiers, like asset managers who have invested in it um for their clients and so on um to also monitor.
00:15:21
Speaker
But then it goes a lot deeper. It goes into more than just monitoring. It goes into also deeper analysis. It looks at the history. ah One of the beauty of satellites is that it can take you back in time, right?
00:15:34
Speaker
So once since this once a satellite has been launched, let's say a satellite was launched in 1992, you're technically able to go back in time to 1992 and see the change that's taken place over time.
00:15:45
Speaker
Just hearing that kind of list, it just amazes me that the that there's such a great variety of ways of using space for, I mean, and not necessarily just climate, but as you say, you know, for businesses and and other commercial uses.
00:15:59
Speaker
And I feel like there's still more that we could create but don't yet know. And I think that's quite a cool cool concept to um to consider, you know, what are those next generation...
00:16:10
Speaker
I don't know, uses of space that we haven't even considered yet. But I guess a large part of that will depend on the type of technology we we put up into space. So could you take us through some of the the kind of different um technologies or kind of data sets that you can get from from those different kind of payloads in space.
00:16:31
Speaker
yeah that's um Before you jump in, Kripa, I am actually really interested in that as well because I hear a lot about Earth observation satellites, um but honestly, I don't really know what that means.
00:16:46
Speaker
ah isnt Is that just a camera? ah Like a camera payload attached to a spacecraft going around the Earth? Yeah. ah'd I'd really like to understand, you know, what are these technologies? What do they look like and the various different types that we use?
00:17:02
Speaker
Absolutely. Yeah, no, you are right. There are cameras in space and they are and ah they're traditionally called the optical sensors. So they are high powered cameras that take snapshots um of of the Earth and they need the sun to illuminate the subject like you would with any of your old sort of analog cameras, really.
00:17:21
Speaker
ah So they're like more your passive sensors um speaking. And then you've got um what we call the the synthetic aperture radars, which are your active sensors. So they're emitting energy, which is reflected back.
00:17:33
Speaker
And then it it produces an image and it produces sort of data points um as well. So these are really good ah to see through clouds, which would be perfect for the UK. um and you know even sort of looking in the night sky um and and taking sort of nighttime imagery and analysis.
00:17:52
Speaker
um We've got two really, these sensors have already been there in a scientific sense, um but they're being commercialized and the spectral and the temporal frequencies are increasing. And these are the hyperspectral and the thermal sensors.
00:18:08
Speaker
And hyperspectral is very cool. It's capturing light beyond what the human eyes can see. So that's like across thousands of spectral bands to identify unique signatures um that could be for understanding biodiversity signatures of various ah flora and fauna, and really going into the depth of of a lot of understanding of of land use and soil change and so on.
00:18:34
Speaker
So we're starting to see a lot of um high resolution hyperspectral coming out. Did we take that imagery, hyperspectral imagery. So that's in wavelengths that the human eye can't detect. Yes, beyond. Yeah.
00:18:48
Speaker
And then we put it into wavelengths that we can see. It will be processed. That's right. That's right. Yes. So um the journey of ah of of the acquisition to application, shall we say, that's really, you know, the the data is captured by the satellite sensor.
00:19:03
Speaker
ah it's um It's processed. um ah for any kind of atmospheric interferences or effects or any distortions. um It's downloaded and stored as you would, you know, with any kind of capturing device like camera.
00:19:18
Speaker
But then you pre-process the the the the images ready for analysis. You call it analysis-ready images. And then that sort of sent off and, and you know, and allow for access um for interpretation, extraction of features,
00:19:35
Speaker
um using specialized software, but that's kind of now becoming not so specialized. A lot of people are simplifying that process. And then um that's what you then, then you then you kind of produce your applications, you produce your analysis, your platforms, and so on.
00:19:51
Speaker
So, yeah. Okay, okay. Sorry, I distracted you, though. I think you're going to talk about thermal imaging as Yes. So, no, just the last the last cool one, um which has been around, but it's getting a lot more getting all more traction right now, sort of thermal imagery. um So, and that's going to be really, really...
00:20:09
Speaker
game changing and understanding heat emissions, understanding um temperature variations and heat efficiencies of buildings. So for example, you can compare building A with building B. If building A is of a type of an architecture or structure and it has better thermal efficiency versus building B,
00:20:28
Speaker
we know which designs to go with, right? So it'd be great for urban planning, will be great for governments to really understand, you know, ah ah governments that are working towards net zero to understand that. But of course, it also it's also got great use in industries that produce a lot of thermal energy as well.
00:20:46
Speaker
So, you know, and and that's of of course not very helpful for net zero, but yes, so we're getting getting a lot of that coming out. Few companies, organizations, one UK organization in fact is leading this on the thermal side. So that's that's very exciting.
00:21:01
Speaker
So I guess algorithms must be an essential part of what you have to unlock with using space data.
AI, Open Data, and Communication Challenges
00:21:11
Speaker
Yes, yeah. I mean, that's what would that's what a lot of the softwares that help with the processing do, but also the the platforms that help with turning those that data into a meaningful insight or an analysis largely runs on the backend on algorithms, instructions.
00:21:30
Speaker
We call it large language models now, but previously it was just coding ah that would help turn some of this data into some actionable information. And I guess you can alleviate some of that kind of back-end backend processing with things like AI and machine learning. I mean, is that is that coming into the sector quickly or is that still kind of progressing?
00:21:52
Speaker
I think in a way it's always been been there, but sort of more like ah machine learning or more like largely sort of more of the... um ah manual, like you know like I said before, manual coding for automation and so on.
00:22:05
Speaker
What we're seeing now with JAT-GPT and sort of the large language models, that is actually perfect for satellite Earth observation she just because of the sheer amount of data that's coming from these satellites that need sifting through, that need analysis, that need extraction of features and important information. So it's perfect for AI models.
00:22:24
Speaker
um and And a lot of organizations which don't identify themselves as as a space tech organization actually use a lot of satellite data for their AI projects.
00:22:35
Speaker
um So yes, and we're actually already seeing some research going in to create chat GPT like models to query um satellite data, because you know we just spoke about how there's there's plenty of this data around from various different satellites.
00:22:52
Speaker
So, you know, having a singular model to be able to pull um different data from different parts of the world and so on, I think will be very powerful. that That sounds really cool, actually. And so do you think we would get to the point where one day i could just use ChatGPT on my phone to analyze some data directly from a satellite?
00:23:11
Speaker
I think so. I would hope so. That's insane. Yeah, because I know that. i In fact, i had a chat with them I actually had a chat with ah with ah a banker from a very big American um ah bank, and they are researching on that. they they In fact, they told me do you know anybody who does this already? I said, because they're not interested in reinventing the wheel.
00:23:32
Speaker
They don't want to do any of this hard work of getting the raw data and you know sifting through it and trying to extract meaningful information. and They just want to build a powerful tool that can help their bankers that are looking into climate risk across assets to be like, you know, you know, hey, you know, hey, so and so, can you tell me the the risk to this platform on so and so date under so and so conditions and so on? And so, yeah, people are already thinking on those lines. So wouldn't be so surprised if it does happen.
00:24:03
Speaker
There must be quite a lot of um concern over this the ability to, I don't know, use a chat GPT-like AI model to pull up satellite data to make sure that that's free and open for everybody.
00:24:20
Speaker
um I'm thinking particularly about... you know issues pertaining to the climate, it's really important that science communities have access to that data, right?
00:24:31
Speaker
Rather than just big business and people who want to keep it proprietary. Oh, absolutely. it It would definitely have to be an open source model. and um And if anything, I would be more concerned about the way this data is used afterwards, um in a sense, to sort of you know because it can be quite transparent, it can be quite exposing, especially in in times of um you know geopolitical concerns or a time of war or if any time of calamity, how the data is used and interpreted ah within within media and within journalism as well. So I think i think it would definitely open up a lot of um challenges that we would certainly need to address.
00:25:12
Speaker
But um the scientific sector or the community sorry, um actually largely enjoys the benefits of of getting a lot of these data for free. um any Anyway, the government data is is is freely available for all.
00:25:27
Speaker
um But then they at the community the research community gets sort of special access even to commercial um satellite data, which normally costs quite a bit um for businesses ah purely for their research purposes.
00:25:40
Speaker
so So that way the this the satellite companies do well um to support the research community. It's really humbling actually to so to be part of that world and and understand that, you know even though we might have a small part and in the story,
00:25:55
Speaker
um every every little part is is helping, especially on the the climate change, especially since, you know, in the in the news earlier this year, and throughout the last few years, we've seen wildfires, and flooding, and all these all sort sorts of things are coming out. So it'd be really interesting to understand how those those new missions and those new technologies that you mentioned, will actually support us in some of that, and and maybe even help us mitigate it or kind of put the right laws or practices in place to then prevent those sorts of situations. So yeah, it's a really, a really cool topic overall. Yeah, I got my fingers tightly crossed for that. Yes. Hopefully we do the right thing. Yeah.
00:26:38
Speaker
yeah I was just thinking about that because it feels to me that for so many years now, the effects of climate change have been so obvious and the scientific community are so unanimously behind the the obvious effects we're seeing and and the cause of those being human induced climate change.
00:26:58
Speaker
For you, Krupa, somebody who is who you know lives and breathes climate, it must be so frustrating to see certain administrations refusing to accept like the data and To the point where, you know, we can launch a whole new different satellites with all kinds of capabilities and they can give us all kinds of new data to run inform us better.
00:27:22
Speaker
But if people don't take it seriously, hu like they're not going to take the new data seriously, are they? Yeah, yeah, absolutely. And while well there's not much that the space sector can do directly, what we are trying to get better at is being able to um produce trusted climate data that's coming from these satellites. And and what I mean by that is,
00:27:47
Speaker
being able to be very transparent about where this where this data has come from, how it's been processed, um what has it gone through to um come to a certain level of of extraction of information.
00:28:01
Speaker
I spoke before about standardization, sort of really being able to come to a certain acceptable standard that is that is um you know that is used across all forms of data that can be easily understood and grasped by sectors that we want to be ah using this information.
00:28:19
Speaker
So we're definitely trying to do more on that side so that users can't question um the integrity or can't question whether they trust this data or not. um There's a lot of programs currently going on working towards that and the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites have a when a working group framework specifically looking into um data that's coming from new satellites, making sure that it's to a standard. and So yes, so we will do what we can to the best that we can um and and really hope that everybody else does as well.
00:28:55
Speaker
Yeah, I suppose that's, you know, going back to what you said at the very beginning, there's a there's a technical level to this, um which is capturing that data, but then also a communication level um where we need to do a ah good job of ensuring that people understand the data, that it is accessible, maybe that ease of access to the the you know some of the imagery you can see.
Global Cooperation for Climate Action
00:29:19
Speaker
It's so shocking, particularly those like sliders you get on BBC News where you can see before and after a wildfire. It's, you know, I guess to a point it's about making it so, it's so obvious that these effects are human induced.
00:29:37
Speaker
Well, I think the other danger to this is the the the cooperation, right? The global cooperation that that the space sector has with its partners, its allies across the world, the knowledge sharing that needs to come through these channels, um be you know e be it within the scientific community or be it within the industries, that flow needs to continue. And then any disruption to that um really has ripple effects on other communities in space or anyone on earth um that are trying to build either ground solutions or space infrastructure as well. So so there are dangers um to this and, ah you know, but I think i think we, yeah, wherere we're all just hoping to be able to continue and that the knowledge exchange and the flow of information of vital information that is continues.
00:30:32
Speaker
If not, we're all going to have to move up with you guys over here. We'll all be escaping. Yeah, okay. We better yeah but to get some more modules attached to Echo 9.
00:30:45
Speaker
I guess maybe Krupa will let you head back to Earth and no i go it I'm going to eat some of this bread. Oh, me too. Yeah. Yeah. What is it? What is it we have, Nish? We did a whole episode on food. I think we mainly eat taught tortillas.
00:31:00
Speaker
Yes, tortillas. And rice. Black soldier fly larvae. Oh, no, no, no, no. no we're not We're not doing those. We're not having those. Thank Got to get your protein. ah no Thank you both for having me. it was great chatting.
00:31:14
Speaker
And maybe I'll see you back down on Earth. Yeah, absolutely. And we thanks very much creeper we'll keep monitoring the earth from up here. Let you know what we see. Yeah. Fingers crossed.
00:31:28
Speaker
What did you think of that Nish? It was really cool to hear about ah space application that betters the world. I think, you know, we hear about how space makes our lives easier.
00:31:43
Speaker
through, you know, GPS and and connectivity and there and the rest of it. But actually this one is something that we're putting things in space to help us look after the Earth.
00:31:54
Speaker
And I think that's that's really cool. That's really humbling and a really exciting part of the space sector to be part of.
Conclusion & Reflection on Space Technology's Impact
00:32:00
Speaker
and And the fact that there are still capabilities that we don't have that that are being launched, um new ways of looking at the Earth, capturing data through hyperspectral instruments.
00:32:14
Speaker
um yeah group mentioned um new ways of unlocking our understanding of what is actually happening on earth um because although you know we all have a ah pretty solid idea of of what the main cause of some of the biggest issues are there's surely still so much to learn well i think that that was a really important topic and i'm glad we we talked about that um because yeah looking down at that beautiful earth we've got to keep it safe Exactly. and And we want to go back to it in in a good condition.
00:32:45
Speaker
So don't ruin it in the next few weeks. Yeah. Yeah, exactly. And we we're not even to blame for it because we're up here. So all those down there leaving the tap running while they're brushing their teeth.
00:32:56
Speaker
Yeah. You know. You tell them, Harv. All right. Well, thanks, everybody, once again. Thanks, Nish. Enjoy your spacewalk and your bread. Thank you, Harv. Yeah. And yeah, to everybody down there on that beautiful big blue marble.
00:33:11
Speaker
Stay tuned.