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E172: The Redhead Murders image

E172: The Redhead Murders

E172 ยท Coffee and Cases Podcast
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Between October 1978 and October 1992, several women were murdered across various states including Tennessee, Arkansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia whose bodies were abandoned along major US highways. What do all these women have in common? Almost all of these murders were of redheaded women. Could the connection between their deaths be a coincidence or the work of one serial killer?

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Transcript

Introduction to Method and Madness Podcast

00:00:00
Speaker
Before we begin our show today, we would love to let you know about another podcasting friend of ours, Dawn, and her podcast Method and Madness. We would love if you would check out her pod and give some love to a fellow indie podcaster who presents true crime with both passion and compassion. Here is a little about the show, Method and Madness, from Dawn herself. Looking for compassionate true crime?
00:00:28
Speaker
This is Method in Madness, a true crime podcast with a purpose, shedding light on injustice and advocating for change. Join me, Dawn, as I take you on a journey of immersive storytelling and pose questions to get you to think about the method of the mind, the madness that ensues.
00:00:47
Speaker
We're going deep into the evidence, examining lesser-known cases, all while focusing on the victims and the survivors. Dive in to Method of Madness, available wherever you get your podcasts.
00:01:05
Speaker
Did you know that less than 2% of the world's population have red hair? According to Cosmopolitan, that's approximately 140 million people.

Fascinating Facts About Redheads

00:01:15
Speaker
Scotland, of course, boasts the highest percentage of natural redheads with 13%, while Ireland comes in second with 10%.
00:01:22
Speaker
Another interesting fact about redheads, again, according to Cosmopolitan, is that red hair is actually thicker than any other color hair. Each strand of red hair is generally thicker than other shades, which compensates for the fact that redheads actually have less hair. Apparently, they have on average just 90,000 strands, while blondes have 110,000 strands, and brunettes usually have about 140,000 strands.
00:01:50
Speaker
Lastly, many scientists believe climate change is threatening that gene. Given that red hair doesn't adapt to warm climates, the gene could, at some point, according to cosmopolitan scientists, become extinct. A scientist told Scotland Now, quote, I think the regressive gene is slowly dying out.

The Redhead Murders Unveiled

00:02:08
Speaker
Climate change could see a decline in the number of people with red hair in Scotland, end quote.
00:02:13
Speaker
Interestingly, redheads are at the center of today's case. Between 1978 and 1992, a series of murders occurred along major highways in the United States, nearly all including female victims with red hair. Despite the passage of time and the best efforts of law enforcement, the case remains unsolved, leaving many questions unanswered. Throughout today's show, we'll delve into the details of the case, exploring the evidence and theories that have been put forth over the years. This is the story of the redhead murders.

Spotlight on Coffee and Cases Podcast

00:03:14
Speaker
Welcome to Coffee and Cases where we like our coffee hot and our cases cold. My name is Allison Williams. And my name is Maggie Dameron.
00:03:24
Speaker
We will be telling stories each week in the hopes that someone out there with any information concerning the cases will take those tips to law enforcement. So justice and closure can be brought to these families. With each case, we encourage you to continue in the conversation on our Facebook page, Coffee and Cases podcast, because as we all know, conversation helps to keep the missing person in the public consciousness, helping keep their memories alive. So sit back, sip your coffee, and listen to what's brewing this week.
00:03:52
Speaker
OK, I have to I've got to say some things before you start. OK. First of all, that is fascinating.
00:04:01
Speaker
Second of all, yes, second of all, it's no wonder I lose so much hair because I've got so much more hair than other people because I'm a brunette. I know I need to tell this to Rodney. That's the reason why he can quit complaining about their hair. I'll just be like, well, I have 50,000 more hairs on my head than a redhead. So there we go. There you go.
00:04:29
Speaker
Did you know they don't go gray either? What? Red-headed people don't?

Understanding Coincidences

00:04:34
Speaker
Yeah. I read in that same article, it said that their hair just turns lighter, but never fully goes gray. It just gets like a really light, almost white shade of red. Well, that makes me wish I were a redhead. Me too. Man.
00:04:54
Speaker
But the other thing I was going to say is how about how much you and I are on the same page with my episode from last week, being about two different people, two different sisters who have red hair. Listen, we, this happens way too often. Yeah. And we don't discuss any of the cases. So when it happens, it is coincidence. Yeah.
00:05:21
Speaker
which is coincidental because today's case also talks about coincidences. Oh, coincidentally, it's about coincidences. Yes. So a lot of people think that this case, which is going to be sort of like a double edged sword because not only is it still unsolved, but it also has a lot of unidentified victims. So we're getting a little bit of both this week.
00:05:48
Speaker
And some people think that the person behind all of these deaths that we're gonna talk about is a serial killer.

Are the Redhead Murders Serial Killings?

00:05:56
Speaker
But a lot of people also think it just could potentially be a series of coincidences. And we talked about coincidences on the show before early on, didn't we?
00:06:08
Speaker
But you know, if everyone is like me that listens to their show, they've likely forgotten because I know you talked about like the science behind coincidences. And so I just wanted to do a little refresher on that theory today, since we're going to be talking about consequences as a possible explanation to all of these. So I got this information from Discover magazine. So all this is just going to be a quote from there.
00:06:38
Speaker
But it says, quote, a 2015 study published a new ideas in psychology reported that coincidences are an inevitable consequence of the mind searching for casual structure in reality. That search for structure is a mechanism that allows us to learn and adapt to our environment, which I find fascinating.
00:06:58
Speaker
The very definition of coincidence relies on us picking out similarities and patterns. Quote, once we spot a regularity, we learn something about what events go together and how likely they are to occur, says Magna Osam, an experimental psychologist

Victim Demographics and the Bible Belt Strangler

00:07:12
Speaker
at the University of London and one of the study's authors. They go on to say, quote, and these are valuable sources of information to begin to navigate the world, end quote.
00:07:21
Speaker
But it's not only recognizing the patterns that make a coincidence, it's also the meaning we ascribe to it, especially meaning that provides solace or clarification. So when we see an unusual configuration, we think it must hold some significance that it must be special. Yet most stateticians argue that unlikely occurrences happen frequently because there are so many opportunities for surprising events to happen.
00:07:45
Speaker
It's chance, says David Spiegelhalter, a risk researcher at the University of Cambridge. Spiegelhalter collects anecdotes of coincidences. In fact, he's accumulated more than 5,000 stories since 2012 as part of an ongoing project. In 2016, an independent data firm analyzed these stories and revealed 28% of them involved dates and numbers. But no matter what the nature of the coincidence is,
00:08:11
Speaker
he claims coincidences are in the eye of the beholder. So this article gives an example. And I mean, I feel like what we just talked about is coincidence that we did two weeks with red headed people. But this example says in a room of 25 people, there's a 50-50 chance that two of them will share a birthday. Most of us would view this as in like, you know, a coincidence, but mathematically,
00:08:40
Speaker
The events are bound to happen, but we attribute this coincidence like in our heads, but statistically it's not that coincidental. That is fascinating to me because that seems such a small number that to think that two people would then, cause there are so many days in the year that it's crazy to think that two are going to have the same birthday in such a small sample size. Yeah.
00:09:08
Speaker
And that same article says, regardless of what triggers coincidences, research suggests they're more likely to happen to certain people. So this person in the article said, people who describe themselves as religious or spiritual, those are more connected with the world around them and those who are seeking meaning or are in distress and searching for signs are more likely to experience coincidences, which makes total sense. Right. Because it's kind of like you read more into things somewhat.
00:09:35
Speaker
they're actually should be to read into. So I guess today we're going to be talking about. A couple of different things. OK. All of this a coincidence. Are these deaths tragic serial murders or. Are these deaths. Some of them may be serial murders and some of them not. So there's a couple of different things. OK.
00:10:03
Speaker
The redhead murders that we're talking about today refer to a series of unsolved homicides, or most of them are unsolved, which I know sounds weird, but we'll get there. Okay. That took place in the United States between October of 1978 to October of 1992 is what most sources said. And almost all of these murders were of redheaded or redheaded-ish women.
00:10:28
Speaker
Unlike other serial killers we've discussed on the show who stuck to one particular area, the women we're discussing today were killed in various states including Tennessee, Arkansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. It's a wide range of the country.
00:10:45
Speaker
And many of the women we're discussing today remained unidentified for some time and some still are unidentified. But through a lot of technological advances, many have finally gained their identity back. And nearly all the women's bodies were found alongside major US highways. And that's really

Victim Profiles: Lisa Nichols and Tina Farmer

00:11:04
Speaker
what kind of links that in the hair are really what links all of these women together. Because officials think that
00:11:13
Speaker
Whoever killed them was targeting hitchhikers or maybe like sex workers. Okay. In 2018, the perpetrator of this series of events became known as the Bible Belt Strangler since all of the deaths took place in what we would consider the Bible Belt.
00:11:36
Speaker
But there are as many as 14 victims of this person if we assume that the same person is responsible for all of these deaths. So there's a lot of people. OK. So my list may not include all of them.
00:11:53
Speaker
And I know that I didn't include all of them because not all 14 are for sure victims. Some of them are just potential victims. So when you guys are doing your own research, you'll come across names that we didn't talk about. So it could be, you know, just your list. It could be just some other list or it could be all of them put together. Yep.
00:12:16
Speaker
One of the most chilling aspects of this case is the fact that many of the victims remain unidentified, which I think is always so sad. Oh, it so is. Some of them were actually never reported missing because they weren't in touch with their family. So it's possible that their family members may not even know that their loved one was murdered. Wow.
00:12:41
Speaker
which goes to your, I know it goes to, you mentioned that there's the theory that they may have been sex workers or hitchhikers, like somebody may be leaving home or involved in that industry, maybe not in touch with their family. So, I mean, I'm already seeing why police have those sorts of theories. And you're exactly right. Many of them were,
00:13:08
Speaker
know, hitchhikers or just not in touch with their families. And so we're going to start today by talking about a few of the 14 and then move into some theories. Okay. So the first person that we're going to talk about today is Lisa Nichols. She is the first named victim of the redheaded murders. There are previous
00:13:31
Speaker
Victims prior to her death that are considered possible victims to the redhead murders But Lisa is where we're starting today with the first named victim
00:13:43
Speaker
On September 16th, 1984, a redheaded female was found along Interstate 40 near West Memphis, Arkansas, and she was found badly decomposed. Despite the fact that that area was heavily traveled, Lisa laid undiscovered for approximately four days before a hitchhiker noticed her body and called the police. So she's there for quite a while. And it's still warm in September.
00:14:09
Speaker
According to several sources, she was found naked, covered only by remnants of a knit top. And I wonder why they tried to cover her with that. I don't know if that was a personal thing for the killer. I don't know if that was just happenstance that the top fell to cover part of her, you know.
00:14:35
Speaker
But you would think though, if she's naked other than that, that seems an odd, I guess I would like to know where it says covered only by the remnants. Is she still wearing it partially or was it laid on top of her? I think it was laid on top of her. So that would seem to say that it's a message or it's something important or
00:15:06
Speaker
According to front page detective, Lisa was a roamer. She was originally from West Virginia, but had found herself living in West Memphis, Arkansas. And according to this source, Lisa was a prostitute who was often referred to by her street name, Baby Doll.
00:15:24
Speaker
Because Lisa was a transient sex worker, it wasn't easy for the investigating team to identify her body. Because as we know, you know, these transient sex workers aren't usually top priority for law enforcement. And they typically don't have a lot of contact with home. So she probably wasn't really on their radar, which
00:15:46
Speaker
I'm telling you, that makes me so sad. And I, like, I understand why maybe at first she wasn't identified as, you know, even missing because of the lifestyle, you know what I mean? But it makes me sad and angry to think that once she is
00:16:13
Speaker
found missing, as I'm sure she was, that her disappearance wouldn't be seen as a priority as much as anybody else.
00:16:23
Speaker
And Lisa's case, which all of these obviously are sad because they are murders, but Lisa's case in particular I think is really sad. She did remain a Jane Doe for a period of time, but she was eventually identified by a couple who had allowed her to stay with them and their residents for a period of time. And so they're able to say, oh, that's Lisa, she's saving us for a little bit. And once the identity was,
00:16:53
Speaker
you know, process, police were able to match her fingerprints with fingerprints on file for Lisa Nichols. So they were able to 100% determine that it was her. Good. Once they discovered that this Jane Doe was Lisa, the police were able to find her pimp about nine months after Lisa's identity was discovered. And he told authorities that the last time he saw her, she was climbing into a semi truck outside of Shearville, Arkansas at a truck stop there.

Forensic Breakthrough: Identifying Tina Farmer

00:17:23
Speaker
You know, I did read, and I think we've mentioned it before on one of our episodes, and I apologize if any of our listeners are truck drivers, but I'm pretty certain I read an article once that talked about
00:17:38
Speaker
in terms of professions, the likelihood that a serial killer would be a truck driver because you are constantly on the road, you know what I mean? And like because of that kind of travel. And so that's scary that, you know, cause she, if she's getting into a semi truck, I mean, where's this guy taking her? You know what I mean? Probably not to a hotel.
00:18:06
Speaker
Right and her autopsy was able to determine that she was murdered within 24 hours of the last time that she was seen. She was strangled to death and I read in a couple different articles that she was actually strangled using a piece of like her clothes that the person had ripped off to strangle her with.
00:18:29
Speaker
And as if that wasn't bad enough, I read in that same article that when Lisa's body was transferred back to her home state, they called both of her brothers who were still alive at the time to let them know that she had been murdered and her body was ready for pickup to be laid to rest. And I read that neither one of them ever came to retrieve her body.
00:18:49
Speaker
Oh, that breaks my heart. So I don't know what happened to Lisa after that point, but I just thought that was so sad. That is. On January 1st, 1984, an unknown pregnant woman with red hair was found dead alongside I-75 in Tennessee. Her body was found down an embankment off the south side of 75 near Jellicoe, Tennessee. Yeah, like Jellicoe Mountain. Yep.
00:19:20
Speaker
And just like in Lisa's case, the remains were in an advanced state of decomposition. So again, she had been there a while before her body was found. The decomposition of her body in the autopsy reports led investigators to believe she was killed approximately 72 hours before her body was found. And also like Lisa, this Jane Doe was killed by strangulation with a piece of her own clothing.
00:19:48
Speaker
She was Caucasian. She had shoulder length, curly red hair, and they estimated her to be between 17 and 25, but possibly as old as 30. So relatively, yeah. Right.
00:20:02
Speaker
And if you remember from Lisa's discovery, Lisa was naked, except for that knit top that had been placed over her body. But this victim was fully clothed, which I find all connecting them to. Hmm. Because this person was in a tan pullover, a shirt and jeans, and they had actually been wrapped in a blanket, which I find extremely personal that you're taking them in a blanket. Right. Yeah. That's definitely even more personal than Lisa's story.
00:20:32
Speaker
Yeah, because it's like you're trying to protect them from the elements. Hmm. I did read and it is in everything that there was semen on the blanket and that semen was huge in finding the identity of this person and we actually know who killed this person. Oh.
00:20:57
Speaker
Allison, it took a long time before the identity of this Jane Doe

Forensic Technology in Identifying Victims

00:21:01
Speaker
would be discovered. It wasn't until September 6th of 2018 that the Shelby County Sheriff's Department announced that the victim had been identified. Just a few years ago. Yeah. And she was identified as Tina Farmer of Indiana. And she was found in Tennessee, so she had traveled a distance.
00:21:20
Speaker
Yeah, all of these girls are gonna have in common the fact that they're travelers of some sort or another. According to some sources that I read, she was 20 or 22 at the time of her death and was last seen in Indianapolis, Indiana. So she's not, the last time she's seen a live is in Indiana.
00:21:42
Speaker
But she's found dead in Tennessee, which is a drive. Which again, I mean, maybe she was seen alive and that was the last time she was alive in Indiana if she's found decomposed. I mean, I don't know what she's exposed to, but I don't know if she had to be in the weather for that level of decomposition or if whoever had done something to her just hadn't disposed of her body. Disposed of her.
00:22:10
Speaker
All my research said that Tina had one daughter prior to her disappearance in 1984. She was actually reported missing by her family at the time, but authorities in Indiana had not entered her into any national database, like a Jane Doe national database. The state did not have a law, like many others do, that required law enforcement to enter unidentified victims into national databases. So that's one reason that she went
00:22:40
Speaker
unnamed for such a long time. Wow. So remember that I told you there was semen that was found in the blanket. Well, in 2019, DNA evidence identified a convicted kidnapper, Jerry Leon Johns, as the man that killed Tina Farmer in December of 1984. Okay. So you're probably like, why the heck are we talking about? Right. Right. If we know his name, right? Yeah. Why are we talking about her?
00:23:10
Speaker
Well, simply put, there are many that believe there may have been more than one person involved in these serial killings, or as I've mentioned a few times, that the murders weren't actually related. Okay. So she could be an outlier committed by somebody else that just has some connections, or he could have been one of multiple people involved. Or he could have been the one, but we'll never know because he died in prison in 2015. Oh.
00:23:40
Speaker
But she is, so the first couple that we talk about, like four or five, I think, are considered to be victims in this redhead murders. Oh, okay.
00:23:57
Speaker
and I separated the possible victims and we'll talk about them like last. So that's why I wonder if maybe he was connected in some way to the other ones or, you know, like we said,

Tracy Sue Walker and Other Investigations

00:24:09
Speaker
it is just. Right. Coincidence that all these girls have red hair. Okay. What's crazy and we talked about this a lot on Patreon, Allison, is that he was previously convicted in 1987 of aggravated kidnapping, assault and other crimes in the attack of a woman named Linda.
00:24:26
Speaker
who he picked up in Knox County, Tennessee, just two months after Tina's disappearance and death. So we're assuming that he is this Bible belt strangler responsible for the redhead murders. If he had stayed in jail, then lives could have been saved because this person is potentially at large until like 1992. That happens a lot, which is where people don't get, you know, a punishment for a crime that
00:24:54
Speaker
seems more reasonable and so they go on to re-offend. Yup. Miraculously, Linda survived that attack by Johns. She was actually bound, strangled like the previous two girls that we've talked about and dumped along I-40 and her testimony was obviously paramount in putting Johns behind bars.
00:25:16
Speaker
Like Tina, Linda had been choked with a piece of cloth ripped from her own t-shirt. She had been bound and then left for dead in a storm drain near Watt Road. Linda also had red hair. And on December 18th, 2019, a grand jury in Campbell County, Tennessee ruled that if Johns were alive, he would be indicted for the murder of Tina. Gosh.
00:25:42
Speaker
So let's keep going and see what we think about the rest of these in connection with the ones we've already talked about. On April 3rd, 1985, the skeletal partial remains of a young girl were discovered about 200 yards off of Big Wheel Gap Road, four miles southwest of that same town, Jellicoe, Tennessee, in Campbell County. So this one is relatively close.
00:26:11
Speaker
Unlike the others though, she was not found near a major highway or interstate, but rather in a more remote area.

Establishing Connections Between Victim Profiles

00:26:20
Speaker
Um, but still an area that if we're assuming the killer is the same person or at least the same group of people that they would have known about this area again, unlike the other girls, because she was in such a remote location. It took a while for her body to be discovered.
00:26:40
Speaker
She was believed to have been dead between one to four years before her remains were found. And I do think it was her, I think. I read that this was near like a strip mine. So she is out in the sticks, not in any major roadway. And she was found by a person who just randomly happened to be in that remote stretch of road and they stumbled upon her skeleton.
00:27:12
Speaker
Officially, her cause of death was listed as undetermined because of the amount of time that had passed between her death and her discovery. So, you know, it was impossible to determine a concrete manner of death. According to my research, they found 32 bones, including her skull, all of which were recovered from the scene. Her skull was complete enough that they were able to do a facial reconstruction attempt.
00:27:39
Speaker
But wow. I know, which is really interesting, especially given the amount of time. Yeah. That had elapsed too. They did find a necklace and a bracelet made of plastic buttons that was found nearby her body, as well as a pair of size five boots and some scraps of clothing and size five boots are tiny. They are.
00:28:02
Speaker
I wear an eight. Well, I do too. Well, I wear eight and a half, but my mom has a size five foot. So I feel like you can buy little kid clothes with a size five foot. Despite finding all of that at the scene of the crime, police were unable to determine if those items actually belonged to her again, because she had just been there for so long. They were unable to determine who she was. And so she became known as baby girl.
00:28:31
Speaker
Oh, that makes her sound super young. Yeah, she, there are several that the age ranges, you're kind of like, is this the same person that killed, like, Lisa, because they, the ranges are kind of everywhere. Do we know the age range for baby girl?
00:28:56
Speaker
She was believed to have been between 9 and 15 at the time of her death. Which is significantly older. But there were enough similarities between the manner in which she was discovered and the manner in which the others were discovered that led police to connect her with the other people in the Redhead Murders.
00:29:18
Speaker
So just like in Tina's case and Linda's story, so the girl who survived, this victim also had a knot of fabric around her neck, the material again believed to be a piece of her own shirt. Okay. I mean, that is, that would to me seem to indicate some sort of unique details. So that is interesting. But I do think it's weird that she's so far out and not right at a major road. I would agree with that.
00:29:48
Speaker
Interestingly, recent forensic analysis of the victim's remains indicated that she wasn't actually native to the area where she was discovered. So again, someone who was just passing through, I think I didn't find specifics about how this was determined. So I don't know if they used her teeth or, you know, something else. Yeah. Cause we've talked about all of that before on here.
00:30:12
Speaker
but they thought that she was likely born maybe in central Texas or in Florida and had lived some of her life in the Midwest. And it wasn't until recently, and this one's super recently, on August 30th, 2022 that this Jane Doe was identified as 15 year old Tracy Sue Walker of Lafayette, Indiana. So another young person at least. I think it's interesting that they're
00:30:40
Speaker
finding all these identities all these years later. The connection was made after author and laboratories located a possible family member in the Lafayette area and the TBI intelligence analyst located several relatives who confirmed that they had a young woman from their family disappear in 1978. Sadly, Tracy's mom had actually twice reported her as running away from home from their home in Lafayette.
00:31:11
Speaker
But she just was not on like any radar for investigators. Tracy was last seen at a mall with a friend sometime in 1978. And then, you know, isn't seen again until she's discovered in what was it? 85. So that's, I mean, so again, several years between the discovery then
00:31:39
Speaker
with this one as well. And her initial went, yeah. On March 31st, 1985, authorities were again made aware of the skeletal remains of a redheaded female. This time she was found in Pleasant View, Cheatham County, Tennessee, and became known as the Cheatham County Jane Doe. She was believed to have...
00:32:05
Speaker
at making connections between all these cases? Like, are these cases? Well, obviously now in hindsight, we're making connections between all these cases. But was there talk at the time where they're like, Hey, here's another one, you know, who's meeting all these criteria? I think so. I think it took a little while for them to get there, but I still don't think in all that I've read that they really know for sure. Okay.
00:32:37
Speaker
that, you know, I think most agree that the ones so far that we've talked about are all connected. And I think there's maybe like two more after her, but even some will be like, maybe they're connected. Maybe they're not. It's just weird. She was believed to have died between three and five months prior to the discovery of her body.
00:33:07
Speaker
And it was determined by the medical examiner that her cause of death was unknown due to the amount of time her body had been exposed to the elements. They just couldn't tell. Right. But many people do link her case to those of the redhead murders mainly because, and this is investigators as well, her remains were found at the site of interstate 24 between mile markers 29 and 30. So that's the biggest connection for them.
00:33:36
Speaker
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00:35:25
Speaker
to receive 20% off your purchase. She was clothed. She was wearing a shirt, a sweater, pants, and underwear. She was Caucasian between five feet and five feet two inches or about 157 centimeters tall. However, unlike in previous cases, her weight couldn't be determined.
00:35:51
Speaker
And they were really set on examining her teeth. I don't know if they tried to find dental records or not, but in all of the research, it talked about that her teeth were crowded and she had overlapping in her mouth. And none of the other ones were that detailed about dental stuff. Well, unless they were hoping that is what could identify her, like you said. Oh, true. Yeah. You know, maybe they would be like, she had really crooked teeth and then people would be like, Oh yeah. Right.
00:36:20
Speaker
She was believed to be between 31 and 40 at the time of her death. So significantly older than some of the ones we've already talked about. Definitely. To this day, we do not know who this Jane Doe really is. And as with all Jane or John Does, it makes me so sad to think that somewhere out there, a family is missing a loved one.
00:36:45
Speaker
I did think though that her sweater would be pretty recognizable if she had friends in the area or people that she had maybe been staying with or something like that. So I placed a picture or two pictures actually on here for you Allison because I think that would just be
00:37:04
Speaker
something that you would remember. It has little pink flowers on it and appears to be white and has some blue flowers. It's like a collared shirt with red piping, it looks like. Yeah, I definitely think that that would be recognizable. Yeah, because if someone that I was friends with wore that and I saw a picture of it, I'd be like, oh, Sarah had that, a sweater just like that.
00:37:33
Speaker
On April 1st, 1985, the body of a woman was found in a large white refrigerator in gray Kentucky, which is in Knox County along route 25. This one is so different than all the other ones that I'm curious as to why we're saying she's linked. It's yeah, it's just so the refrigerator completely throws me off. Okay.
00:38:03
Speaker
The cause of death for this young lady was suffocation, which leads me to believe that she was alive when she was placed inside the refrigerator. Right, because it's not strangulation, it's suffocation. Right. The victim had been dead for a few days when she was finally located. And I don't really know unless you just saw the refrigerator and opened it up, how you would know because I wouldn't think it would smell with it being closed. I wouldn't think so either.
00:38:29
Speaker
But when she was found, she was nude except for two distinctive necklace pendants that she had on. One was a heart and the other was a gold colored eagle. And again, I think would be very recognizable. Right. When especially, I don't know, gray Kentucky, but I would imagine it's a smaller town because I've never heard of it. Mm hmm.
00:38:55
Speaker
And then, and obviously that would seem to tell me that she probably wasn't from the area because I feel like if she were, and then she has these distinctive necklaces, then somebody would have been like, you know, Oh, I, I clearly know who that is.

Exploring Other Potential Victims

00:39:13
Speaker
But if it's someone from out of town, then that wouldn't happen. So I just Googled it and gray Kentucky has like 3,600 residents.
00:39:23
Speaker
So small. So I'm going to say an out of towner. She also had on two pairs of socks, one that was white and the other was green and yellow stripes, but that's all she had on. As with some of the other victims, there were rumors that this Jane Doe was trying to get a ride to North Carolina when she was presumably picked up and then eventually murdered. So like you said, not from that town. Right.
00:39:53
Speaker
According to NBC, 500 people attended her funeral and it was also televised. Yeah. And I think it's because this would have been, you know, like a local sensation in such a tiny town where nothing
00:40:11
Speaker
out of the ordinary ever happened. And I do think that's probably a little bit of Southern hospitality to like them knowing, Oh, she doesn't have a family. We have to go to the funeral. So at least somebody's there, you know, in my opinion, that this next detail,
00:40:33
Speaker
Again, I think somebody should recognize this, but the refrigerator that she was in had a decal of the word superwoman on the front. And when I read, because I always read these episodes to Anthony to make sure they make sense before we do them. And he was like, superwoman. Do they mean Wonder Woman? Do they mean Wonder Woman? There's no such thing as superwoman.
00:40:56
Speaker
And I was like, I don't know, Anthony. I totally didn't even notice that. All the research said Superwoman, weirdo. I don't know. Wow. So then it clearly would have been recognizable, especially if that's not a real person. Yeah. And I was like, sorry, I don't know your comic book stuff. I just know what I read in the research and the research said Superwoman. But he was like, it's Wonder Woman. It's Wonder Woman.
00:41:26
Speaker
But the fridge clearly said Superwoman. Yeah, that's what all the research said. And I would think that had pictures of this fridge been released, someone would have been like, oh, yeah, that's a really weird sticker that's also on Tommy's fridge. But the only image I could find was a pretty poor one, and I posted it for you, Allison. And I mean, I can see a sticker on there. Right, but you can't see what it says. But you can't see what it says. No.
00:41:57
Speaker
Case files stated, quote, distinguishing features of the body included a number of moles on the right side of her neck, near one ankle and below one breast, a yellow stained upper incisor, a scar and other marks on her abdomen indicating that she had born a child.
00:42:13
Speaker
Her eyes were light brown and her hair was red and nearly a foot long, which fit the pattern of the redhead murders. After the autopsy, this victim was determined to be between 24 and 35 years old and approximately four foot nine to four foot 11 inches tall. It's possible that she owned the pair of boots that were found near the refrigerator, end quote. Hmm. Yeah, so far I'm not really seeing any connection other than that she has red hair and that's about it.
00:42:43
Speaker
Right. In 2013, the police focused again on this case, in particular wanting to find the identity of this unknown woman. They did receive several tips. A lot of people called in, but there was nothing super significant or no significant process that was made in identifying her or her killer.
00:43:04
Speaker
Finally, though, on October 1st, 2018, the Knox County Sheriff's Office announced this woman had been positively identified as Epsy Pilgrim of Western North Carolina, per a report I saw on ABC. Identifying her was finally made possible when her daughter, who reported that her mother had been missing since she was six weeks old, came forward to see if her DNA matched Jane Doe's and it did.
00:43:36
Speaker
And it was reported she had four other children. Wow. So they're at least finally able to lay their mom to rest. Yeah. And that one I think, I don't want to say sweet because that's a weird term to use, but at least they have a little bit of- Closure. Solace.
00:43:58
Speaker
Before we jump into the theories, I do want to briefly mention the other suspected victims of the Bible Belt Strangler. Okay. So the other people that could potentially be part of this redhead murders.

DNA Technology and Familial Connections

00:44:11
Speaker
First is Priscilla and Blevins. She was 27 years old and her remains were found along interstate 40 in Waynesville, North Carolina on March 20th, 1985. So right around the same time period and an interstate.
00:44:27
Speaker
Yep, it's believed she had been placed at the location around the time she went missing a decade earlier in 1975. She too was a Jane Doe for some amount of time before dental records and DNA finally gave her name back in 2012.
00:44:44
Speaker
There has been no cause or manner of death ever determined that I have read. And again, if she's there for 10 years, then why would they not properly determine anything? And authorities haven't said a lot about the investigation surrounding her case. Her sister, however, commented that the circumstances of her discovery appear to be involuntary. Hmm.
00:45:14
Speaker
She too had reddish hair, reddish blonde hair. But that makes it, because they say could be involuntary, means they don't even know if this was a suicide. Or an accident. Right. Anything like that. Right. I guess that's why she's a potential. Right. Second is Karen Nippers. And she was discovered on May 25th, 1981.
00:45:42
Speaker
They found her body and recovered her body from a low water crossing on a highway near Dixon, Missouri. This victim had suffered trauma to the face and was strangled with a panty hose, which I think fits the previous people. Like many of the others, she was determined to be between 25 and 40. She was also found clothed. Strangely, she didn't have red hair, but it's a potential link.
00:46:12
Speaker
to the redhead murders, but she had brown hair. Until 2019, her identity remained a mystery. She was finally given her name back with the help from the DNA Doe Project in December of 2019. And they determined she was 33 years old when she was murdered. So that one I feel, I don't know. I mean, we have the strangulation, but yeah, I'm iffy about it.
00:46:40
Speaker
Next is the Wetzel County Jane Doe. And she was found on February the 13th, 1983. She was naked and found alongside Route 250 in Wetzel County, West Virginia. She was found by a pair of senior citizens who called and reported her body because they originally thought it was a display mannequin. Oh my goodness. We've said this before.
00:47:10
Speaker
It's never mannequin. I feel so bad for these senior citizens, though. I know. That would be traumatizing. Gosh.
00:47:22
Speaker
Because it was snowing at the time that the discovery was made, investigators were able to determine that the body had recently been placed in that location because this, I thought, was like, okay, this is smart because the ground was covered in snow, but the victim wasn't. And so they're like, there's no way she'd been here that long.
00:47:43
Speaker
Police said that they were able to find tire tracks and footprints nearby that indicated she was transported to the site after death in another location. Interesting.
00:47:54
Speaker
Their examination concluded that she had died about two days prior to being found. She wasn't a victim of sexual assault, but not all the other ones were either. Her cause of death also was listed as undetermined. She did have auburn colored hair and she was linked to all these other homicides or a possible link to all these other homicides we've talked about. Okay.
00:48:21
Speaker
The next possible victim is DeSoto County Jane Doe. She was found murdered on January 24th in 1985 in Olive Branch, Mississippi. Per Namis, 16 women were ruled out as this Jane Doe. So they did a lot. We were desperately trying to find out who this was.
00:48:44
Speaker
This Jane Doe was found by a truck driver driving southbound on US 78, about 100 feet east of the cold water river bridge around 730 in the morning. Her body was 20 feet south of the highway and her shoes, undergarment and jacket were missing. She was strangled with the ligature and she was possibly sexually assaulted, though I never read for sure that that was determined. Okay.
00:49:10
Speaker
She too is estimated to be between 20 and 40 years old. She was about five foot two inches and weighed about 105 pounds. So small. She was also believed to be a heavy smoker and had three piercings in each year and appeared to be a habitual nail botter because her fingernails were deeply bitten. Okay. Which is a very bad habit. My mom always told me I'll get worms if I did that, which I know isn't true, but kept me from biting my nails. So it worked. So it worked.
00:49:42
Speaker
The next possible victim is Elizabeth Lamont who was found on April 14th, 1985 in Greenville, Tennessee, which is in Greene County. She was determined to have been killed between three and six weeks previously. So it takes a while for her body to also be discovered. She had severe blunt force trauma and that's how they believed that she was murdered or maybe a stab wound.
00:50:12
Speaker
Oh. Which is way different. Right. Yeah. Than most of the other ones. Hmm. Her body was in an advanced state of decomposition. You know, as were many of the other girls, police were able though to obtain her fingerprints as well as DNA and dental information. Okay. They also were able to determine that she had been six to eight weeks pregnant shortly before she died, but had miscarried before death.
00:50:41
Speaker
That makes me wonder if she's not linked, like if there were some personal reason. Yeah, some personal issues. She was not identified until November 2018 when officials announced that the victim was New Hampshire native Elizabeth.
00:51:00
Speaker
She was 17 at the time of her death. We know for sure that Elizabeth disappeared on April 6th, 1984. And she was identified through a DNA match after a DNA profile was obtained by her family, by the New Hampshire police in 2017. She had been staying in a group home and then just never returned to her family. Her family was initially asked for a DNA profile because
00:51:28
Speaker
There was a woman who was a victim of the Bearbrooks murders. Oh yeah. There's even a podcast Bearbrook. Okay. And they thought that this unidentified girlfriend could be the girlfriend of Robert Evans, who was actually the killer Teddy Ross Muson. Oh, uh-huh.
00:51:57
Speaker
But it ended up not being her, but they did find who she was. Right. There is also a possibility that the Pulaski County Jane Doe is connected in the Redhead murders. She was found deceased on April 20th, 1985 in Wrightsville, Arkansas. And she was right in that same age group, 30 to 40 years old and was about five feet, three inches tall. So shorter as well.
00:52:23
Speaker
She had blondish red hair and had a previously fractured left femur, which I think would be significant for identification. Yep. She's still a Jane Doe. Yep. Her cause of death was either unable to be determined or hasn't been released and very little information has been made available about her case. And I searched a lot and there wasn't a whole lot about her.
00:52:51
Speaker
So pretty much all we know is that she had reddish hair. She's in the age range of some of the victims. She had a fractured femur. And so therefore she is a potential victim. Yep. Okay. The Rowan County Jane Doe was found on August 29th, 1987 in Rowan County, Tennessee.

Recent Developments in Victim Identification

00:53:15
Speaker
She was estimated again to be between 35 and 50 years of age. So a little bit older there.
00:53:22
Speaker
if she's on the high end, I guess. And she was about five feet to five feet eight, which I think is a significant estimation. It's a huge range. Interestingly, she had naturally brown hair, but it was dyed red, which makes her fit this particular killer's type or what he usually went after.
00:53:47
Speaker
From medical examinations done on her, we know she had a hysterectomy and a tracheotomy, which makes me think she may be a little bit older than if she already had the hysterectomy. That's true. Yeah. Unless it was, you know, for health or whatever. She had a mole on the left side of her back and she also had breast implants. Additionally, she had a gunshot wound with a bullet still lodged in her spine.
00:54:15
Speaker
Okay, the last Jane Doe had at least one identifiable thing. This Jane Doe has multiple. Yeah. Authorities determined that the body had been burned and suspect that it was done deliberately to hinder identification efforts. I don't know that I would connect her with others. I wouldn't either. That doesn't fit at all.
00:54:42
Speaker
The way she was murdered has never been released. I don't know if it was that shot to the spine or something else or if they just were not able to determine the way that she was murdered.
00:54:54
Speaker
Stacey Lynn Chehorsky was found strangled to death in Rising Fawn, Georgia in late 1988. She, however, wasn't officially reported missing until January 1989. So just like right after she was found, which was four months after she was last had contact with anyone. Okay. So whoever reported her missing had waited a while and her body was actually discovered before they were officially reported her missing. Yeah.
00:55:24
Speaker
According to my research, Stacy had told her mom via telephone that she was planning to hitch rides from her current location in North Carolina back to her home state of Michigan. So hitching rides. And her remains were found alongside the east side of Northbound Interstate 59 near Rising Fawn in Georgia. And this was about five miles from the Georgia Alabama state line.
00:55:52
Speaker
Like you said, it was suspected that she was potentially a hitchhiker prior to her being identified. It was determined she had been sexually assaulted and strangled. In 2019, they actually adjusted her age range to be between 25 and 35. Before this, they thought she was as young as 16. Well, gosh, they were off by a little bit. Yeah. Cause she is also unidentified for a while too. Okay.
00:56:23
Speaker
She was identified in late March, 2022. So she had been unidentified for quite some while, which I guess is why they had such a big range of age. On September 6th, 2022, her killer was also identified as Henry Frederick Wise, AKA Hoss Wise. Oh, where's that name come from? I don't know. And I didn't really Google him beyond this.
00:56:48
Speaker
But he would have been 34 years old at the time of her murder. And according to DNA solves, he was a truck driver for the Western Carolina Trucking Company. And he was driving through Chattanooga, Tennessee to Birmingham, Alabama to Nashville, Tennessee. And he had a criminal history. He assaulted someone, there was theft, obstruction of a police officer.
00:57:12
Speaker
But he actually burned a death in a car accident in Myrtle Beach and not T99. So we don't know if he's connected to any of these other deaths. But we know for sure that he's connected to Stacy. Mm hmm. OK.
00:57:28
Speaker
The last person we're going to talk about today is Donna Sue Nelson, who was formerly known as the Benton County Jane Doe. She was found murdered on May 7th, 1990 in Rogers, Arkansas. According to name is she was located eight miles west of Descartes, Arkansas off highway 102 in Rogers, Arkansas on May 7th. So she is now we're in the nineties. Okay.
00:57:56
Speaker
The area she was found was close to the Oklahoma and Missouri state line. They actually found several bones along the area where she was recovered that appeared to be like
00:58:09
Speaker
affected by a shotgun. They found buckshot pellets under the skull. And a neighbor had reported a fire in the area, but he never went to investigate because he just thought someone was burning trash. But investigators believe the victim or the bones at least may have been ran over by a vehicle and that the victim was set on fire. Which makes me think of that one other victim who was
00:58:39
Speaker
set on fire potentially to cover. All of which you know to make identification difficult or impossible.

Theories Behind the Redhead Murders

00:58:47
Speaker
She too finally was given her name back on October 25th, 2022. Federal authorities suspected her boyfriend at the time, George Alvin Burton, all these three named people for her murder. George had spent time on the FBI's must-wanted list for three months in 1979 because he took two families hostage
00:59:07
Speaker
Geez. And wounded two police officers in Utah. Wow.
00:59:13
Speaker
He was also found in September of 1989 to be burning or throwing away rather bags of Donna's personal items. Kind of a telltale sign then. And her car was found in a storage unit owned by him. He was sentenced to life in prison for drug related offenses, but he died in 2018 or 2008 and was never connected officially to her death.
00:59:40
Speaker
So I guess what I'm most hung up on is we know who killed some of these people and some of these people we don't. So there obviously has to be some interesting theories or else how are all these things connected. Right. Right.
00:59:56
Speaker
And if we believe that these women, or the majority of them at least, were killed by the same person, that has to remove some of these people from the list because we know who killed like three of them at least. Or suspected. Right. So clearly whoever this was targeted though the same type of girl, nearly all of them were, you know, nomadic almost in their lifestyle.
01:00:26
Speaker
So they would have been targeting people who would not have been missed right away by their families. Correct. Yeah. So could the person have been Jerry Leon Johns? So the guy that kidnapped the one girl, but she got away. I mean, I do feel like Tina. Was he a truck driver? Yes. I do feel like
01:00:53
Speaker
If you're going to talk about a potential link between all of these crimes across different states and over that time period, that it would have to be somebody who had that level of mobility that a job as a truck driver would allow. I don't know if I'm convinced that it was him, but I do think that there would have to be something like that in place for there to be a connection between all the cases.
01:01:22
Speaker
Yes. And TBI investigators would say the same thing that you have said. Special Agent Brandon Elkin said in an A&E interview, quote, could he be involved in other cases? I think it's possible. Are we going to get there? I don't know, but we're not going to stop trying to connect, to connect anything we can connect, end quote. And there were people in the same interview that said,
01:01:50
Speaker
The same thing you said, that it could be him, but that they believe it at least had to be.
01:01:57
Speaker
a truck driver. And retired agent and former Jefferson County, Tennessee Sheriff David Davenport said, quote, because of the similarities in all the cases and how they were dumped alongside the interstate, it was probably done by the same truck driver or traveling person. I would agree. And they say, like they're upfront and say they don't necessarily point to Jerry Johns in all of the cases.
01:02:28
Speaker
Elkin said, quote, there are redheaded females who've been killed in the state of Tennessee around that same time period. So with the time period of Jerry Johns, but to say we're connecting the dots on all of these cases or they all have to be Jerry Johns, I'm not to that point. I don't know, frankly, if I'll ever be to that point. End quote. Yeah, I'm right with him based on the information that you shared with me. And they did in that same A&E true crime
01:02:57
Speaker
article interview a forensic psychologist. I always think it's interesting to hear what they have to say from the psychology side of things. And this person said, quote, the idea that serial killers wait for the perfect victim is overrated.
01:03:15
Speaker
It's true that some sexually motivated serial killers do seem to have a fantasy of an ideal victim based on race, gender, or certain physical characteristics or some other special quality. But these preferences evolve over time. At first, a serial killer's victim's choice may seem almost random.
01:03:33
Speaker
As his killing career progresses and he develops confidence in his abilities to lure or kidnap a victim, some serial killers narrow down the type of victim they prefer and will stalk a more specific type of victim."
01:03:49
Speaker
Well, that makes our possibilities wide open because it could be that it's not a serial killer because there is this clear line of connections and maybe we're trying to read too much into coincidence.
01:04:03
Speaker
But then on the other hand, you think, okay, well, if they do develop a preference, but only over time, then were all of these peoples the victims of a serial killer, but maybe somebody who was at work for a long time before with victims who have never been linked to that serial killer because they don't have those characteristics.
01:04:25
Speaker
Yeah, that's what I was thinking too. Like I wonder if there's more than we, more victims than we know about or more possible victims than we know about. I do think if we're saying that all of these women were murdered by a serial killer, I think, or most of these women, I should say, it has to be an unidentified truck driver, right? I mean, that makes the most sense. It definitely does. Because like you said,
01:04:55
Speaker
they had to be able to travel extensively. And these ladies were found in several different states, all within like the Bible bell. And I feel like when you're a truck driver, I mean, I don't know, but most people have like a certain territory that they travel. And I just wonder if that's why it allowed this person to be in several states in a span of like, you know, two decades, pretty much.
01:05:20
Speaker
Some people believe that the killer may have been a law enforcement official or someone tied to law enforcement. I only saw this in like one article, but they said this theory is based on the fact that many of the victims were never identified.

Reflecting on the Unresolved Cases

01:05:35
Speaker
So people were wondering if
01:05:37
Speaker
Potentially the killer had access to criminal records and then would have known like who would have been easy potential victims, but I think that's a lot of work. Yeah, I agree. I just think that's one of those. I think most of these are stretches, honestly. Another is that the killer may have been a fellow hitchhiker or someone posing as a hitchhiker to gain trust in these victims before he killed them.
01:06:07
Speaker
See, I don't know if that would be true either. Cause if you're a hitchhiker, your whole goal is to get somebody to pick you up. So, I mean, you don't have to use some guys as a fellow hitchhiker, you know, to get them to trust you. Right. Another theory is that the girls were maybe killed by multiple people, but people that were all connected in some way, I don't necessarily.
01:06:31
Speaker
have much credit for this one. Feel like it's also a stretch. Well, especially if we don't even know how they're connected. Right. And the only way that this would make any sense is because, you know, we know different, some women's deaths were solved. So were all these people connected in some way, which I never read anywhere that they were. Right.
01:06:57
Speaker
And then lastly, could all these deaths just be a coincidence? And there's a lot of people that think so. Because like you said, are we just looking too far into these?
01:07:07
Speaker
because these deaths span like two decades almost and are in various places across the Bible Belt. There are many who think it's a coincidence that they were all redheaded and that they were killed, some of them in similar circumstances. And like I said, just people are kind of looking a little too far and grasping at error to make connections.
01:07:30
Speaker
Even if that is the case, I don't know which is scariest, a serial killer or like 14 different killers potentially just walking around. Right. Yeah. So what are your final thoughts? I think if I were hard pressed to give an answer, I would say that it's hard for me to say that there's just one person behind, even the majority of these deaths, let alone all of them.
01:07:59
Speaker
If there is, I think it would be, and I would have to do research on how common it is for victims of strangulation to have been strangled by
01:08:11
Speaker
an article of their own clothing, that to me, it seems on the surface unique because I feel like strangulation probably normally happens by some sort of ligature, like a rope or something like that. And so that I do think is unique, but that was so few of them that if there is a connection, I think that
01:08:39
Speaker
we're taking it too far by trying to say that there's a connection between all of these different women. I agree. Despite years of investigation, the Redhead murders remain a haunting mystery. Who was the killer? How did he choose his victims? And why were so many of them left unidentified? These are questions that may never be answered. The case serves as a reminder of the dangers that lurk on our highways and the importance of remaining vigilant when traveling alone.
01:09:09
Speaker
We hope that this episode has shed some light on this mysterious case and helped to bring attention to its victims whose lives were tragically cut short. We also hope that our discussion has sparked a deeper conversation about the importance of advocating for justice for all victims of violent crime. As always, we urge anyone with information about this case to come forward and share what they know.

Podcast Promotion and Community Engagement

01:09:29
Speaker
It's only through the collective efforts of law enforcement, the media, and the public that we can hope to bring closure to the families of the victims and finally solve this case.
01:09:37
Speaker
Again, please like and join our Facebook page, Coffee and Cases podcast to continue the conversation and see images related to this episode. As always, follow us on Twitter, at casescoffee, on Instagram, at coffee cases podcast, or you can always email us suggestions to coffeeandcasespodcastatgmail.com. Please tell your friends about our podcast so more people can be reached to possibly help bring some closure to these families. Don't forget to rate our show and leave us a comment as well. We hope to hear from you soon.
01:10:07
Speaker
Stay together. Stay safe. We'll see you next week. It's Love Notes with Allison.
01:10:37
Speaker
Hello, sleuth hounds. I am flying solo today because Maggie is actually out of town and we recorded this episode early to make that possible. We have lots of love going out this week to Tricia Nicole Clara Christie Jill Patricia Marsha Ted Laura Ben Jennifer Amanda Tricia Stephanie
01:11:02
Speaker
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Speaker
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01:11:44
Speaker
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Speaker
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01:12:33
Speaker
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01:12:58
Speaker
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01:13:22
Speaker
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