This episode was originally released on 8/1/2018. While new episodes of Breaking Walls are on hiatus I'll be going back and posting the older episodes beginning with this episode on the birth of radio. ___________ In Breaking Walls episode 82 we focus on the state of the radio broadcasting industry in the late 1930s and early 1940s, as Broadcasting booms while the world goes to War.  Highlights: • Early days at NBC’s Radio City in New York • How Press Associations caused NBC and CBS to launch a news service • The Birth of the Mutual Broadcasting System and their Struggles • NBC Red and NBC Blue • The FCC and US Justice Department Get Involved with Radio • The Murrow Boys and Encroaching War in Europe • The War Comes Home • NBC sells The Blue Network • Norman Corwin and His World War II Work • Bing Crosby, Philco Radios, and Network Transcription • The Talent Raids of 1949 The WallBreakers: http://thewallbreakers.com Subscribe to Breaking Walls everywhere you get your podcasts. To support the show: http://patreon.com/TheWallBreakers The reading material used in today’s episode was: • The General: David Sarnoff & The Rise of the Communications Industry - by Kenneth Bilby • The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio - by John Dunning • Beating The Odds: The Untold Story Behind the Rise of ABC - by Leonard H. Goldenson with Marvin J. Wolf • Empire: William S. Paley & The Making of CBS - by Lewis J. Paper • The Museum of Broadcast Communications Encyclopedia of Radio - by Christopher H. Sterling As well as four articles from the archives of TIME Magazine: • HAPPY BIRTHDAY MBS - September 15, 1941 • Old Law v. New Thing - January 12, 1942 • Black & Blue - January 11, 1943 • Network Without Ulcers - April 21, 1947 Norman Corwin was with Chuck Schaden on August 8th, 1976. You can stream this interview and many others for free on Chuck’s site, Speakingofradio.com Selected Music featured in today’s Episode was: • Rudy Vallee - Brother Can You Spare A Dime • Jaqueline Schwab - The Minstrel Boy & The Battle Cry for Freedom • Bing Crosby - Blues in the Night & Don’t Fence Me in with The Andrews Sisters

BW - EP82: Depression, War, And The Birth of ABC (1932 - 1946) [Rewind]

This episode was originally released on 7/1/2018. While new episodes of Breaking Walls are on hiatus I'll be going back and posting the older episodes beginning with this episode on the birth of radio. ___________ In Breaking Walls episode 81, we spotlight the life and career of one of the twentieth century’s most famous comedians, Fred Allen. Amongst other comedians and entertainers, almost no one was beloved as much as him. His comedic feud with Jack Benny was legendary, as were his battles with network executives and sponsors. Highlights: • John Sullivan is Born in Boston • What growing up in Boston with his aunt was like • How his job at the Boston Public library began his career in show business • Learning to Juggle and Early Amateur Performances • Harry LaToy and how Johnny Sullivan became Fred St. James • Freddie James: The World’s Worst Juggler • Becoming Fred Allen and going on Broadway • Allen’s Radio Birth—Bath Towels, Laxatives, and Mayonnaise • Town Hall Tonight is Born • Jack Benny—The Feud of the Century • Mr. Ramshaw— an Eagle on the loose • Changing networks • Texaco and Problems with NBC • King for a Day • Bowing out gracefully • Fred Allen: Memoirist • What’s my Line? • Final Days The reading material used in today’s episode was: • The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio by John Dunning • Treadmill to Oblivion & Much Ado About Me … both by Fred Allen Selected Music featured in today’s Episode was: • Swingin’ on a Star by Bing Crosby • Over There recorded live by George M. Cohan • Auld Lang Syne by Guy Lombardo

BW - EP81: The Fred Allen Show—His Life On The Air (1932 - 1956) [Rewind]

This episode was originally released on 6/1/2018. While new episodes of Breaking Walls are on hiatus I'll be going back and posting the older episodes beginning with this episode on the birth of radio. ___________ Question? What do starlets Marlene Dietrich, Kay Thompson, Margaret Sullivan, and Loretta Young have in common? How about writers and directors Norman Corwin, Helen Deutsch, and Bill Spier. How about Danny Kaye, Mel Allen, Gerald Mohr, Elliot Lewis, Byron Kane, Lurene Tuttle, Paula Winslowe, Joseph Kearns, and Arthur Q. Bryan? Answer: They guest-starred, grew, or launched their careers on CBS’s Forecast! Forecast was a summer replacement series for the Lux Radio Theatre which ran for two seasons in 1940 and 1941. It ushered in an era of show pilots for public viewing and helped give rise to countless actors, writers, and directors, as well as two huge shows: Suspense & Duffy’s Tavern. On Breaking Walls Episode 80, we present an in-depth look at Forecast featuring interviews, insights, and episode moments. Highlights: • Why would Forecast have come to the airwaves in the first place? • Hear CBS head William S. Paley’s insights on programming • How Alfred Hitchcock helped launch the famed mystery show, Suspense • Bill Spier: Music critic, turned producer and director of mystery • How Elliott Lewis got his start on Forecast • Mel Allen & Duffy’s Tavern: Where the Elite Meet To Eat • Norman Corwin’s Two pieces for Forecast that helped catapult his career • How radio actor Byron Kane got his first role on Forecast • Jim Backus & the Class of 1941 * Hopalong Cassidy • The Country Lawyer: One of the most experimental radio broadcasts of its time • An all african-american jubilee to close Forecast The WallBreakers: http://thewallbreakers.com Subscribe to Breaking Walls everywhere you get your podcasts. Featured in today’s episode were interviews with: • Bill Spier and Mel Allen for Dick Bertel & Ed Corcoran’s WTIC Golden Age of Radio program, who’s episodes can be found at GoldenAge-Wtic.org • Elliott Lewis and Byron Kane, for the Society to Preserve and Encourage Radio Drama, Variety, and Comedy, which can be found at SPERDVAC.com • and Jim Backus and Norman Corwin with Chuck Schaden, who’s interviews can be streamed for free at SpeakingofRadio.com. Norman Corwin was also interviewed by Michael James Kacey for his DVD The Poet Laureate of Radio: An Interview with Norman Corwin, which you can pick up on Amazon. Selected Music featured in today’s Episode was: • My Blue Heaven by Glenn Miller • Begin the Beguine & Stardust by Artie Shaw • Alcolba Azul, by Elliot Goldenthal The Battle Cry for Freedom by Jaqueline Schwab for the Civil War, by Ken Burns Falling played by Michael Silvermann • Catch a Falling Star, by Perry Como

BW - EP80: Forecast—The Most Important Forgotten Series in Radio History (1940 - 1941) [Rewind]

This episode was originally released on 5/1/2018. While new episodes of Breaking Walls are on hiatus I'll be going back and posting the older episodes beginning with this episode on the birth of radio. ___________ In Breaking Walls Episode 79, we present a detailed look at Orson Welles’ radio career through the end of 1941. Highlights: • Beginnings in Illinois and China — How they helped shape Orson • The Todd Seminary School — His first exposure to theater and Radio • Connections and Early Breaks — How his mentor Roger Hill, Thornton Wilder, Alexander Woollcott, and Katharine Cornell helped Orson get to Broadway • Orson meets John Houseman and Archibald MacLeish, and first appears on the March of Time • 1935-1937 — From the March of Time to the Columbia Workshop, and how Irvin Reis taught Orson how to create for radio • How the US Government shaped the opportunity for Orson to write, direct, and star in Les Misérables on the Mutual Broadcasting System in 1937  • The Shadow Knows! — Agnes Moorehead and Orson Welles’ one season on The Shadow • The birth of the Mercury Theater on the Air as First Person singular. • How it’s success led to the most infamous night in radio in October of 1938 • Mainstream success with Campbell’s Soups • Orson goes to Hollywood, and signs the greatest autonomous film contract in history at 24 • Citizen Kane — How William Randolph Hearst and RKO shaped the film • Lady Esther Presents — Orson comes back to radio in the autumn of 1941 • Pearl Harbor Day and collaborating with Norman Corwin • Joseph Cotton introduces Orson to Rita Hayworth The WallBreakers: http://thewallbreakers.com Subscribe to Breaking Walls everywhere you get your podcasts. To support the show: http://patreon.com/TheWallBreakers The reading material used in today’s episode was: • Citizen Welles: A Biography of Orson Welles by Frank Brady • This is Orson Welles by Welles and Peter Bogdanovich • The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio by John Dunning • Discovering Orson Welles by Jonathan Rosenbaum Other materials included: • http://www.wellesnet.com - an incredibly comprehensive website on Orson’s career • Orson Welles on the Air, 1938-1946 at https://orsonwelles.indiana.edu • The Radio Preservation Task Force also has a great Facebook group headed by Josh Shepperd Selected Interviews in this episode were: • Orson Welles with Dick Cavett, Johnny Carson, and Huw Wheldon, • Agnes Moorehead and Alan Reed were with radio Hall of Fame Member Chuck Schaden, who interviewed over 200 members of the radio community during his 39 year career. Chuck’s interviews can be streamed for free at SpeakingofRadio.com. • William Robson was with Dick Bertel and Ed Corcoran for WTIC’s The Golden Age of Radio in January of 1976 and Kenny Delmare was with John Dunning in 1983. Those interviews can be found at the Old Time Radio Researcher’s Group at Otrrlibrary.org • William Herz was with Walden Hughes and John and Larry Gassman in 2013 for their program on the Yesterday USA Radio Network, which you can visit at http://www.yesterdayusa.com.

BW - EP79: The Boy Wonder—Orson Welles' Early Career (1931 - 1941) [Rewind]

This episode was originally released on 3/1/2018. While new episodes of Breaking Walls are on hiatus I'll be going back and posting the older episodes beginning with this episode on the birth of radio. —————————— In Breaking Walls Episode 77 we pick up our story on the history of American radio broadcasting, as a few ramshackle radio stations become large national networks, giving rise to an entire generation of entertainment giants during the roaring 1920s. Highlights: • July 2, 1921— Jack Dempsey defends his heavyweight boxing title in front of 80,000 fans as RCA broadcasts the event Closed Circuit to over 300,000 fans. Its the first broadcast of its kind. • The Radio Craze begins as almost 600 stations sign on in 1922 • Herbert Hoover tries to better organize the radio dial and put small stations out of business • AT&T’s attempt to monopolize radio broadcasting • The formation of the National Broadcasting Company • The Radio Act of 1927 • William S. Paley buys The Columbia Broadcasting System and turns it into a 2nd major network • Rudy Vallee becomes radio’s first mega-star • Chicago becomes radio’s 2nd capital • Hollywood's radio recording rise in the late 1930s • The Mutual Broadcasting System is formed—The Shadow debuts • War, once again, comes to Europe The reading material for today’s episode was: • The Rise of Radio, From Marconi through The Golden Age by Alfred Balk • Inventing American Broadcasting 1899-1922 by Susan J. Douglas • The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio by John Dunning • A Pictorial History of Radio’s First 75 Years by B. Eric Rhoads • Hello Everybody! The Dawn of American Radio by Anthony Rudel & • The Network by Scott Woolley Featured on today’s show were interviews conducted by Dick Bertel and the late Ed Corcoran and numerous others for Westinghouse, CBS, and NBC. Harold Arlin’s was interviewed by author J. Fred McDonald for his book Don’t Touch That Dial.

BW - EP77: The Birth Of The Radio Networks—From NBC To CBS To Mutual Broadcasting (1922 - 1934) [Rewind]

This episode was originally released on 2/15/2018. While new episodes of Breaking Walls are on hiatus I'll be going back and posting the older episodes beginning with this episode on the birth of radio. —————————— In Breaking Walls Episode 76, we pick up our story on the history of American dramatic radio after the sinking of the Titanic in April of 1912. The time between 1912 and 1922 saw three competing interests battle for control of the wireless airwaves as wireless telegraphy transitioned into radio broadcasting. These three interests were big private business, individual HAM radio operators, and the US Government. Highlights: • How the Titanic’s Sinking changed Guglielmo Marconi’s business • The Radio Act of 1912 - What it portended • Charles Herrold and KCBS San Francisco • Lee Deforest sells out to AT&T • Edwin Howard Armstrong invents regeneration, and later the superheterodyne receiver • War comes to Europe • The Navy takes over wireless • How World War I caused radio technology to boom • AT&T, Westinghouse, General Electric, and the newly formed RCA make a deal • David Sarnoff’s Rise to power • KDKA and the birth of regular broadcasting • Todays’ introduction music of Metamorphosis No. 2 was arranged for harp and vibraphone by David DePeters and played by Elizabeth Hainen. You can pick up her album, Home: Works for Solo Harp on iTunes and Amazon, and listen on Spotify and Pandora. Her website is ElizabethHainen.com and she is on youtube @Elizabethhainenharp The WallBreakers: http://thewallbreakers.com Subscribe to Breaking Walls everywhere you get your podcasts. To support the show: http://patreon.com/TheWallBreakers The reading material for today’s episode was: • Inventing American Broadcasting 1899-1922 by Susan J. Douglas • Empire of the Air by Tom Lewis • A Pictorial History of Radio’s First 75 Years by B. Eric Rhoads • Hello Everybody! The Dawn of American Radio by Anthony Rudel • The Network by Scott Woolley

BW - EP76: Over There—The War for Radio’s Airwaves (1912 - 1922) [Rewind]

This episode was originally released on 2/1/2018. While new episodes of Breaking Walls are on hiatus I'll be going back and posting the older episodes beginning with this episode on the birth of radio. —————————— Highlights: * Why the Blizzard of 1888 played such an important role in the need for wireless telegraphy * Who Was Heinrich Hertz? What experiment made him the father of Hertzian Waves? * What Oliver Lodge, Nikola Tesla, Alexander Graham Bell, and Amos DollBear have in common * Guglielmo Marconi, father of radio? * The benefits to wireless telegraphy * David Sarnoff — His start between 1900 - 1906 * Why the press want to get involved * Lee Deforest — Inventor, Fraud, or both? * What incredibly important event happened in December of 1901 in New Foundland * Why the American Government wanted to regulate wireless telegraphy * Reginald Fessenden, Christmas Eve, Oh Holy Night, and Brant Rock * The Titanic Disaster — How it changed wireless telegraphy forever * The Radio Box Memo * What’s next? —————————— The WallBreakers: http://thewallbreakers.com Subscribe to Breaking Walls everywhere you get your podcasts. To support the show: http://patreon.com/TheWallBreakers —————————— A tremendous thank you to today’s cast: Samantha De Gracia Olga Lysenko Justin Peele Nancy Pop Fernando Sanabria William Schallert & John Stephenson —————————— The reading material used in today’s episode was: • Inventing American Broadcasting 1899-1922 by Susan J. Douglas • Empire of the Air by Tom Lewis • A Pictorial History of Radio’s First 75 Years by B. Eric Rhoads • Hello Everybody! The Dawn of American Radio by Anthony Rudel & • The Network by Scott Woolley —————————— The interview clips in today’s open: • Chuck Schaden, who’s interviews can be found at http://www.speakingofradio.com and • Dick Bertel and the late Ed Corcoran’s Golden Age of Radio program that ran on Hartford, CT’s WTIC in the 1970s, who’s interviews can be found at http://otrrlibrary.org —————————— Todays’ introduction music of Clair de lune was arranged for harp and vibraphone by David DePeters and played by Elizabeth Hainen. You can pick up her album, Home: Works for Solo Harp on iTunes and Amazon, and listen on Spotify and Pandora. Her website is ElizabethHainen.com and she is on youtube @Elizabethhainenharp —————————— I’d also like to thank Walden Hughes and John and Larry Gassman of SPERDVAC - http://sperdvac.com/ That thank you also extends to the late Les Tremayne and late Jack Brown for their wonderful 1986 documentary series, Please Stand By: A History of Radio.

BW - EP75: We Are Echoes—The Birth Of Radio (1887 - 1912) [Rewind]

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers The February 17th, 1950 episode of Broadway is My Beat took Danny Clover to Greenwich Village. By the early 1950s, the sound effects men working in radio had begun to refine their craft to a fine art. In September of 1987 Jack Kruschen and Shirley Mitchell were guests of Jim Bohannon on his radio show. They remembered some of those men. The actor playing Camden Drake was Elliot Reid. Here he is speaking with Frank Bresee. Featured in this cast was Virginia Gregg. By 1950, she was one of the most versatile actresses on the air.

BW - EP160—005: February 1950 With Broadway Is My Beat—The Death Of A Greenwich Village Writer

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers The February 10th, 1950 episode of Broadway Is My Beat took Danny Clover to the wrestling matches in search of a missing woman. At that time New York City’s top wrestling promoter was Roderick James "Jess" McMahon. The patriarch of the McMahon wrestling family, Jess McMahon spent several decades as a sports promoter of all kinds, including professional wrestling matchmaking at Madison Square Garden. Featured in this episode was Lawrence Dobkin. Years later, he remembered how he got into radio. Another famous featured character actor was Virginia Gregg.

BW - EP160—004: February 1950 With Broadway Is My Beat—At The Wrestling Matches

Support Breaking Walls at https://www.patreon.com/thewallbreakers As Broadway Is My Beat was taking to the air on February 3rd, 1950, snow was on the ground. Three inches had fallen on the 1st. That Friday, nuclear physicist Klaus Fuchs was arrested by agents of Scotland Yard. He was charged with providing American atomic bomb secrets to the Soviet Union. The next day, U.S. Army Lieutenant General Leslie R. Groves testified before a joint congressional committee that, as a result of the secrets Fuchs gave the U.S.S.R., the Soviets had begun development of both atomic and hydrogen bombs. At the Cort Theatre In New York, Katharine Hepburn was starring in a production of Shakespeare’s comedy, As You Like It. Located at 138 West 48th Street, The Cort was renamed the James Earl Jones theatre in 2022. Meanwhile The New York Daily News cover showed Ingrid Bergman, who’d just given birth to her son Robin Rossellini. The child was born out of wedlock. She filed for divorce from husband Dr. Peter Lindstrom, and shortly thereafter Stromboli premiered in American theaters. It was accompanied by a great deal of controversy from the affair between Bergman and director Roberto Rossellini. The pair would marry on May 24th, 1950. The biggest international news was coming out of England where a general election was to be held on January 23rd. With that in mind, Elmo Roper took to the air on CBS’ The People Speak with more information.

BW - EP160—003: February 1950 With Broadway Is My Beat—International News

Breaking Walls: The Podcast on the History of American Network Radio Broadcasting.

James Scully

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