Today's guest is Dr. Richard Carmona, the 17th Surgeon General of the United States, a trauma surgeon, public health leader, former hospital executive, and decorated Army Special Forces medic.

In this episode, we explore how Dr. Carmona’s early life, military service, and medical career shaped his understanding of healthcare as far more than what happens inside a hospital. He discusses building Arizona’s regional trauma system, turning around a public hospital, and why prevention, health literacy, and trust are central to improving outcomes. We also dive into the politicization of public health, from tobacco and vaccines to the growing confusion around scientific institutions today. Dr. Carmona explains why the Surgeon General’s role should be nonpartisan, grounded in science, and focused on helping the public make better health decisions. At its core, this conversation is about what happens when science, politics, and trust collide, and what it will take to rebuild confidence in American healthcare.

The Collapse of Trust in Public Health | U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Richard Carmona

Today’s guest is Dr. Meredith Rosenthal, the C. Boyden Gray Professor of Health Economics and Policy at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, where her work focuses on the behavioral economics and incentives behind value-based care.

In this episode, we discuss why healthcare is filled with tradeoffs, from how doctors are paid to how hospitals are held accountable for quality and outcomes. Dr. Rosenthal breaks down the difference between fee-for-service and value-based payment, and why designing better incentives is much harder than simply rewarding “better care.” We also explore the behavioral economics behind healthcare decision-making, including how payment models can affect providers, patients, equity, and access. Finally, we talk about the future of value-based care, the limits of measuring quality, and whether payment reform can help address America’s healthcare affordability crisis.

The Tradeoffs Behind Value-Based Care | Harvard Professor Dr. Meredith Rosenthal

Today’s guest is Wardah Inam, Founder & CEO of Overjet, who began her career with a PhD at MIT and is bringing that research into healthcare to rethink how dental diagnostics are done.

In this episode, we explore why diagnostics in dentistry have historically been inconsistent and how variation across providers impacts both trust and outcomes. We discuss how turning X-rays into measurable data can shift care from subjective interpretation to more standardized decision-making. We also dive into the operational side of healthcare—how documentation, insurance, and administrative workflows shape what care actually gets delivered. Finally, we look ahead at a future where diagnostics are continuous, transparent, and integrated into broader health, rather than something patients only encounter when something goes wrong.

The Diagnostic Gap in Dentistry | $550m Overjet CEO Dr. Wardah Iman

In this episode, we’re joined by Victor Hunt, co-founder and CEO of Zingage, a platform focused on fixing the logistics behind home care delivery.

We start by diving into his background and how growing up around a home care business shaped the way he thinks about healthcare. From there, we explore why home care is evolving into a core distribution layer for the entire healthcare system. We break down the real bottleneck in the space—not a lack of caregivers, but the complexity of coordinating them at scale. Finally, we discuss how AI can unlock that constraint and what the future looks like as more care shifts into the home.

Changing The Last Mile of Healthcare | Zingage CEO Victor Hunt

Dr. Jonathan Usuka, CEO of Sapient Bio, is building high-dimensional proteomics platforms to help pharma understand disease at the molecular level and develop more targeted therapies.

With a career spanning early computational genomics during the Human Genome Project, to R&D roles at Roche and Celgene, and later pharmaceutical analytics at McKinsey, he has consistently worked at the intersection of biology and data. In this episode, we explore the shift from organ-based definitions of disease to biomarker-driven subtypes and ultimately toward truly personalized medicine. We discuss why proteins and metabolites—not just DNA—are key to understanding what’s actually happening inside patients in real time. We also dive into how AI is unlocking massive amounts of clinical data and why the biggest bottlenecks today lie in clinical trials, patient identification, and making sense of increasingly complex biological systems.

What’s Next for Personalized Medicine? | Sapient Bio CEO Dr. Jonathan Usuka

In this episode, we speak with Dr. Craig Mermel, President and Chief Product Officer at Precision Neuroscience, a company building non-invasive brain-computer interfaces that translate neural signals to restore neurological function for patients.

Craig began his career as an MD-PhD at Harvard, where he studied at the intersection of biology and computation during the early genomics revolution. We talk about how that experience shaped his view that biology is increasingly becoming a data problem, and how that perspective carried into his work at Apple and Google. He breaks down what brain-computer interfaces actually are, the tradeoffs between different approaches, and why you don’t need perfect neural data to drive meaningful outcomes. Ultimately, this conversation explores how turning signals from genes to neurons into computable data is shaping the future of healthcare.

Neuroscience's Computation Revolution | $529m Precision Neuroscience President Dr. Craig Mermel

In this episode, we sit down with Dr. Francisco Alvarez, a doctor and Chief Medical Officer at Regard, to explore a fresh perspective on how AI is actually being used inside real hospital workflows.

We start by breaking down what it really feels like to practice medicine today: navigating fragmented systems and overwhelming amounts of patient data. We then dive into how Regard is building AI tools to surface insights, streamline documentation, and reduce the cognitive burden on clinicians. We also discuss why physicians aren’t looking to be replaced, but instead want better tools to support their decision-making. Finally, we explore the deeper structural challenges in healthcare, from interoperability to misaligned incentives, and what it will take for AI to truly improve patient care.

Can AI Fit into Clinical Decision-Making? | $350m Regard Chief Medical Officer Dr. Francisco Alvarez

In this episode of The Healthcare Theory, we sit down with Nish, co-founder and CEO of Bunker Hill Health, a Seqouia-backed startup working to solve one of the biggest bottlenecks in healthcare innovation: translating AI research into real-world clinical tools.

Before founding Bunker Hill Health, Nish was an AI researcher at Stanford, where he helped develop algorithms designed to identify cardiovascular risk from existing medical scans. While the model worked technically, it exposed a deeper issue - deploying AI in hospitals is often far harder than building the algorithm itself. We explore why healthcare systems struggle to adopt new technologies, the hidden operational and organizational barriers that prevent AI from being implemented, and why many venture-backed healthcare AI startups underestimate the difficulty of integration. Nish also explains Bunker Hill Health’s approach: building a platform and consortium of leading academic medical centers to help validate, regulate, and commercialize medical AI models so they can actually reach clinical practice.

AI's Biggest Bottleneck Isn't The Model | Bunkerhill Health CEO Nishith Khandwala

In this episode, Dr. Francesca Beaudoin - emergency physician, clinical epidemiologist, and Dean of the School of Public Health at Brown University - joins us to examine the next phase of the American opioid crisis. 

We begin with her firsthand experience on the frontlines of emergency medicine, where she witnessed the shift from prescription opioids to a fentanyl-dominated drug supply, and how that transformation reshaped overdose care in real time. From there, Dr. Beaudoin shares why emergency departments represent a critical intervention window, and how mobile opioid treatment programs are expanding access to life-saving medications like methadone. We also explore the deeper structural drivers of addiction and why lasting recovery requires more than acute stabilization. Ultimately, this conversation reframes the opioid crisis not just as a public health emergency, but as a systems-level challenge that demands coordinated policy, clinical, and community solutions.

The Next Phase of the Opioid Crisis | Brown Dean of Public Health Dr. Francesca Beaudoin

In this episode, I sit down with Dr. Amit Etkin, founder and CEO of Alto Neuroscience ($450m, NYSE: ANRO) and former tenured professor at Stanford, to explore the emerging field of precision psychiatry. 

Instead of treating diagnoses as single diseases, Alto is using brain-based biomarkers, including EEG, cognitive testing, and machine learning, to identify which patients are most likely to respond to specific treatments. We discuss why psychiatry has historically lagged behind fields like oncology, how the DSM was never designed to reflect biology, and what it will take to move beyond trial-and-error drug development. We also dive into Alto’s clinical pipeline, including programs in treatment-resistant depression and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia — one of the most overlooked unmet needs in medicine.



A New Blueprint for Precision Psychiatry | $665m Alto Neuroscience CEO Dr. Amit Etkin

Discover where healthcare is headed with The Healthcare Theory. Through recurring mini-series, we unpack everything from health policy to life sciences and digital health. Tune in every week for insightful conversations with founders, researchers, and industry experts that are shaping the future of healthcare.

Nikhil Reddy

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